The Human Genome Project :: essays research papers

Marshall, Elizabeth L. The Human Genome Project: Cracking The Code Within Us. Â Â Â Â Â New York, New York: Franklin Watts, 1996. 1-128. Â Â Â Â Â Elizabeth L. Marshall was conceived in Minneapolis, Minnesota. She experienced childhood in zones of southern California, and in parts of New York City. She lives in Columbus, Ohio, and is right now wedded and has two girls. She joined in and moved on from the University of Virginia with a B.A. in English. She at that point moved on from the University of Pittsburgh with a Master of Fine Arts degree in anecdotal composition. She has worked structure a few logical diaries and magazines and is an individual from the National Association of Science Writers. She has likewise composed a few notable books including Conquering Infertility: Medical Challenges and Moral Dilemmas, and High-Tech Harvest. Â Â Â Â Â I picked this book since it appeared to be an intriguing subject, and in light of the fact that I figured it may assist me with seeing more things about DNA. Another person who read it said that it had a ton to do with the things we shrouded in class as well so I figured it would be as acceptable a decision as any. Â Â Â Â Â This book is about the stunning errand of mapping and demonstrating all the successions of the a large number of qualities in the human body. The book is separated into nine sections every one of which covers an alternate part of this mind blowing venture. The book informs all concerning pretty much every part of the undertaking. It educates all regarding the venture and what the fact of the matter is, the thing that has been practiced up until this point, and when they anticipate that it should be done. As indicated by the presentation the venture is really expected to be done at some point this year. Â Â Â Â Â The first part begins with the fundamental structure of DNA and portrays how the base blending of every nucleotide makes every amino corrosive, which when all set up make a strand of DNA. It likewise gives a thought of who is dealing with the venture. She records a few significant urban communities where the task is being taken a shot at and afterward proceeds to clarify how between all these various groups, who are largely chipping away at some extraordinary part of the venture, there are additionally somewhere in the range of 200 to 400 other littler groups all around the nation dealing with it. The following section is about chromosome 18, and how a slight mix-up in it can cause things like mental impediment and deafness, and what they are attempting to never really stop or fix chromosome 18 erasure disorder.

Employees Motivation on Organizational System †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Examine about the Employees Motivation on Organizational System. Answer: Presentation The HR are the most imperative asset of a business association. Along these lines, organizations follow a few systems with the goal that the human asset creates in the association and enhances its profitability. It is significant for a business association to set up approaches, decides and techniques so the representatives stay happy with their work environment. The worker fulfillment thinks about their profitability and execution at the working environment. Subsequently, business associations execute a few approaches, for example, representative adaptability, work-life balance with the goal that the workers can be progressively gainful at their working environment (Manzoor, 2012). In any case, there are as yet a few difficulties for the human asset the executives of an association. In such manner, the current paper will examine the human asset challenge experienced in Uber, a taxi sharing help. The paper will talk about the issues set by a news story in regards to the out of line tr eatment with the cabbies. Uber is an imaginative business association which depends on the idea of sharing economy. It has received a one of a kind plan of action wherein the association builds up organizations with the taxi drivers. The taxi or the taxi drivers download the versatile use of the association and profit an enormous number of rides. In lieu of benefiting the office, the drivers pay a commission to the association. It tends to be scrutinized that the association doesn't select driver and recruit them as colleagues. This arrangement of the association shields it from government enactments identified with the work rights. As the association is setting up contracts with the drivers, it isn't obliged to give a few business t rights, for example, annuity, compensation or to give work assurance to these drivers. With this one of a kind model, the association has set up contract with lion's share of the drivers in the nation. The organization is doing genuinely acceptable and has set up exacting strateg ies for the enlistment of the drivers. The association ends the agreement with the workers who don't carry on well with the clients. As of late, the association has fired a couple of agreements; anyway disregarding the way that it doesn't give work, it has given remuneration to the representatives (Yoo, 2017). The most reasonable justification for giving remuneration to the representatives is that the association needs that its relationship with the driver isn't formally tried. Key Human Resource Issues brought up in the Article The article has featured the human asset issues related while working in Uber Corporation. The association initiates drivers as self employed entities with the goal that it doesn't need to follow the administration enactments identified with the work rules. The drivers work freely for the association and they invest a lot of energy driving for the association. The business association is additionally acquiring benefits from the administrations of the driver. Hence, the connection between the drivers and the association is that of business. Since the drivers work for the association, their wellbeing and security ought to likewise be guaranteed by the association. In any case, the association is avoiding its obligations and isn't furnishing the drivers with their privileges. The article has raised the human right issue of the business. It very well may be studied that the Uber taxi drivers are driving vehicles to acquire their employment. The drivers put forth attempts and drive throughout the day their vehicles. The association gets benefits by winning a commission on each ride. Nonetheless, a few times, the driver gets harmed while in a fender bender or other work environment danger. In this circumstance, the laborers ought to be given remuneration with the goal that they can treat themselves and anticipate their future life. The plan of action of the organization is as to such an extent that it acquires the full-time or low maintenance administrations from its drivers. In this manner, they ought to be remembered for the class of the business rights. Thee taxi drivers ought to be given different rights related the all day work. It incorporates the arrangement of benefits, retirement plan, security and protection inclusion (Griego, Geroy and Wright, 2000). Another hypothesis related with the current case is that of worker inspiration. As indicated by Maslows pyramid of inspiration, security is a basic segment of inspiration. In the event that the workers won't be happy with the security courses of action of the association, they will feel shaky and leave the association at the earliest opportunity. In this way, it is significant that the association executes techniques which inspire the security gauges of the association (Frydman Saks, 2010). Representative commitment hypothesis is likewise applied in the current case. The association is employing self employed entities as drivers and has no worry for the security and development of these laborers. This situation of the association doesn't add to its great picture. The drivers are not worried about the picture of the association and do things which may hurt the notoriety of the association. IT additionally influences the view of different representatives and they accept that the association isn't worried about the prosperity of different workers. Notwithstanding, representative commitment is significant for the turn of events and the development of the association. The worker commitment alludes to the relationship of the representatives with the association. It is the eagerness of the representatives to leave their predefined obligations to work for the associations advantage. Today, the greater part of the business associations are concentrating on expanding the commitme nt of the representatives with the association. It will expand the profitability just as the proficiency of the workers (Brun Dugas, 2008). So as to forestall any lawful hearing, the association has likewise settled all the business issues outside the court. It recommends that the administration of the association are suspicious that there business procedures and activities will be analyzed by the association cautiously. Suggestions The present new article has expounded the issue of work in Australia. So as to inspire the security standard in the association, the business association should actualize various methodologies. In the current area, a few suggestions have been made which will be advantageous for the association. The association ought to distinguish the reasons through which they can get the HR approaches from the contenders. The association should analyze the approach and change them with the goal that more clients are pulled in towards the association. The association will likewise modernize all the frameworks to that it turns out to be additional time-proficient. In any case, it is critical to execute preparing framework. The preparation should concentrate on viable just as conduct preparing. The drivers ought to be encouraged different angles so they can carry on appropriately with a client. The preparation ought to likewise incorporate essential self-protection preparing. With this preparation, the worker would have the option to secure himself in the event of antagonistic circumstances (Cuevas-Rodrguez, Gomez-Mejia Wiseman, 2012). The association ought to be sure about work and legally binding approaches. During the agreement with the drivers, the association must talk about upon the laborers wellbeing and security. The business association ought to give a few other worker benefits which incorporate wellbeing remittance and protection. In a few accidents, there is a prerequisite of huge measure of assets. In any case, drivers frequently don't have experts to that measure of cash. In such manner, the association can open a store which will be utilized to help the drivers if there should be an occurrence of any crisis (Frydman Saks, 2010). End Convincingly, it very well may be expressed that HR are the most significant issue for an association. All together for an association to create itself, it might require human asset at each activity and procedure. Notwithstanding, there are as yet a few issues which may affect on the human asset the executives of an association. In the present, the news story of Uber has been taken. Uber is a taxi sharing specialist co-op. Nonetheless, the association initiates drivers as self employed entities. In that capacity, the association doesn't need to stress over the human asset strategies in an association. Be that as it may, this circumstance is totally off-base and dishonest. The association deals with various workers to conceivable degree. References Manzoor, Q. A. (2012). Effect of representatives inspiration on authoritative viability. Business the executives and strategy,3(1), 1. Griego, O.V., Geroy, G.D., and Wright, P.C. (2000). Indicators of Learning Organizations: A Human Resource Development Practitioners Perspective. The Learning Organization: An International Journal, 7(1), 512. Brun, J., Dugas, N. (2008). An investigation of worker acknowledgment: Perspectives on HR rehearses. The International Journal of Human Resource Management 19(4), 716-730. Cuevas-Rodrguez, G., Gomez-Mejia, L.R., Wiseman, R.M. (2012). Has Agency Theory Run its Course?:Making the Theory increasingly Flexible to Inform the Management of Reward Systems. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 20(6), 526546. Frydman, C., Saks, R. E. (2010). Official pay: another view from a drawn out point of view, 19362005. Survey of Financial Studies, hhp120. Yoo, T. (2017). Uber Australia is settling out of line excusal cases, notwithstanding demanding drivers are not representatives. [Online]. Accessible at: https://www.businessinsider.com.au/uber-australia-is-settling-unreasonable excusal cases-in spite of demanding drivers-are-not-workers 2017-6 [Accessed on: 24 September 2017].

My career in Economics

My career in Economics Where I See Myself In 10 Years Time Home›Economics Posts›Where I See Myself In 10 Years Time Economics PostsIntroductionI am impressed in the development of career in economics. This is after getting some insight of what the field is all about. Economist deals with the efficient allocation of resources such as land, manpower and machinery to produce goods and service. Economist conducts research and analyzes data to facilitate in prediction the economic trends of the country. They are involved in making both the short-term and long-term planning to achieve economic development. Economist plays a significant role in the economy, which cannot be summarized. Actually, I do not want to be left behind this noble practice and therefore, I would want to be an economist in ten years time. This is because of increased desire by people to pursue economic major. Mark Gertler, chairman of New York University’s economics subdivision also supports this, ‘There is a clear explosion of econ omics as a major’ (Vascelaro, 2005). The career in economics has variety of opportunities and benefits, this is as explained.BenefitsEconomics is a respected major. It is widely viewed as the top social sciences in the globe today. In addition, there is a noble prize in economics this makes the career worth taking it. It also has principles to be followed like physics, mathematics, chemistry, and biology.‘People are fascinated with applying … reasoning to a wide a variety of issues, and these forces are causing them … economics more and more’, says Lawrence H. Summers, the president of Harvard and past secretary of the Treasury (Vascelaro, 2005). Studying economics is intellectually exciting because it deals with fundamental and impressive subjects. Examples, capitalism versus socialism, management of inflation, management of unemployment, economic development of less developed countries, pollution and global warming and many other.   What is coming up clearly the discipli ne is much equipped in problem solving ranging from economical problem, social, environmental and financial problem.A career in economics is not limited in the scope because economics as a field is a growing field. It is a dynamic field which has expanded exceptionally fast from the traditional subjects and now it have established new fields such as public choice economics, health economics, law and economics, bioeconomics, and many more fields (Pines, Sadka and Zilcha, 1998). This shows that economics is remarkably diverse and has incorporated almost all discipline in the scope. Therefore, when one is a profession in economics may have been extremely flexible in the labour market where he can work in almost all discipline. This makes economics as part of the academic field which operates at highest intellectual level.Economics is an extremely practical field, and a major in economics prepares one in the career in the business field, government, and other related field. Economics is relevant due to the method of thought it advocates and the knowledge it relay.   Economics have a peculiar way of thinking which Is analytical, clear, precise and rigorous. These gives the economist an upper hand in problem solving   because they learn to identify problem, identify alternative solutions, consider the solutions in light of the constraints and finally coming up with the best solution. Economic major also studies a variety of topics which have various implication in the management decision making. This makes economist suitable to various decision making position. A survey at Marquette University, 41% of the student graduated in economics works in business, 18 % of students who graduates in various field get in the business. These economics major worked in various departments, which demonstrate the diversity of economics in tackling the life problems.In economics, one is flexible to a variety of career path in the future. As a result, if one wishes to pursue other care er path in the future can do so. This is because economics is interrelated with other disciplines and this enables one to have an open mind. The employment trends are particularly fascinating for the economic graduates. In relation to the National Association of Colleges and Employers, an economic major in the first job earns an average of $43000 a year. This amount although it is less than what those in the computer science major and engineering major, is less faced with increasing rivalry from inexpensive, very skilled workers in regions like India and China (Vascelaro, 2005). This makes economics a tremendously crucial area of study because it is not affected so much by computerization, as what economist does can not be replaced by computers. Their work is not routine work like the case with other specialization like accounting.ConclusionEconomics as one of the academic discipline is very vital in the acquisition of life long skills. These skills are paramount in dealing with the life challenges in the quest of finding a lasting solution. Since, knowledge is power and the fact that the field gives the person discretion for self employment. Therefore, one can liberate himself and create more job opportunities making him part of the solution for unemployment. According the economic forecast conducted by IMF, the International labour organization (ILO) estimates that the unemployment will still remain high in the year 2010 (Aridas, 2011). Therefore, economists can contribute through policy formulation to bring sound economic performance in the economy. Following the tremendous   benefits to work as economist and the working challenges that economist are expected to solve, I would like to be a senior economist in one of the leading organization in the globe ten years time.

Music Therapy ( Mt ) - 1845 Words

For most, music plays an integral role in life. Whether it’s putting a playlist on to get hyped-up for a daily workout, or shuffling through an Adele album to get through a bad break-up. In short, music is connected to our mood. Henceforth, it should come as no surprise that music therapy (MT) has been used in various forms of rehab, specifically in terms of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). ASD is a condition masked with impairments to social functioning, speech, and language along with unusual behaviors such as fixations and repetitive movements (Boso et al., 2007). Therapy associated with ASD has usually been associated with speech fixation therapy or occupational and physical activity/challenged-based therapy, to name a few, however†¦show more content†¦In a study conducted by LaGasse in 2004 looked to measure the effect of music therapy when conducted as a group to see if the social skills of children with ASD would change, compared to a regular social skills grou p. The study employed seventeen participants with an age range of 6 to 9 years old. The groups engaged in 10 sessions, twice a week, with a schedule of a welcome exercise, followed by a rotation of sensory and social experiences and finally ended with a farewell exercise. The social experiences specifically looked at promoting eye contact, communication and joint attention (LaGasse, 2014). Exercises included passing a ball amongst the group, board games, and telling of jokes to the group. The experience of music to half of the groups was done in a way that would be similar to the nonmusical groups, such as music making instead of play a game or using music to help complete a social interaction (LaGasse, 2014). Results found that specifically after finishing all ten sessions, parents of children who received music based therapy reported large increases in not only eye contact situations, but also in length of time. While eye gaze did increase overall, LaGasse found that it increased among peers but decreased amongst adults, explaining it could be due to the facilitators shifting for a more peer-to-peer interaction. Results from LaGasse’s study were able to show initial evidence those social skills such as joint attention and eye contact could beShow MoreRelatedEssay On Complementary Therapies1141 Words   |  5 Pageshealth conditions are often more effectively addressed with the integration of complementary therapies (Burns et al., 2017). Children and families are turning to CAM for hope in managing illnesses and improving quality of life. CAM includes a variety of products and therapies, new and old, many requiring more research regarding their safety and effectiveness. The largest gap in research of integrative therapies is in the pediatric population (McClafferty et al., 2017). This lack of data regarding theRead MoreActive Music Therapy For Parkinson s Disease : An Integrative Method For Motor And Emotional Rehabilitation971 Words   |  4 PagesI n the article â€Å"Active Music Therapy in Parkinson’s Disease: An Integrative Method for Motor and Emotional Rehabilitation† by Claudio Pacchetti, MD, Francesca Manni, MD, Roberto Aglieri, Cira Fundaro, MD, Emilia Martignoni, MD, and Giuseppe Nappi, MD published in Psychosomatic Medicine (2000) states that active music therapy is an effective method of rehabilitation for Parkinson’s Disease. As of now Parkinson’s disease (PD) has no effective cure, so all that can be done for those that are affectedRead MoreEssay about Music As Therapy1222 Words   |  5 PagesMusic As Therapy There was never a question in my mind that music possesses a strong element to help people. It has always been a stress reliever in my life. 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Procurers of music know these feelings well but does musicRead MoreMusic Therapy And Its Effectiveness1269 Words   |  6 Pages Musical therapy is a precise, evidence-based use of music to help accomplish certain goals or objectives in a therapeutic setting. Research in music therapy supports its effectiveness in many areas such as: overall physical rehabilitation, increasing people s motivation to become more involved in their treatment, giving emotional support for clients and their families, and providing an way for expression of their feelings to others. Musical therapy in a more detailed descriptions is an establishedRead MoreA Descriptive Study of the Practice of Music Therapy in Hong Kong17388 Words   |  70 PagesKONG BAPTIST UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF MUSIC A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY OF THE PRACTICE OF MUSIC THERAPY IN HONG KONG By LAM HOI YAN April, 2007 04002865 ABSTRACT The purpose of the study was to examine the development of music therapy in Hong Kong. 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Often times, assisted living facilities and hospice care settings are the best places to turn because, â€Å"the chief mission of hospice care is to assist patients in living out their remaining days in as much comfort as possible and with the highest quality of life possible† (Belgrave, 61). Numerous studies have proven that music therapy helps improve quality of life among terminally ill hospice cancerRead MoreEssay about Music Therapy and Down Syndrome1188 Words   |  5 Pagespeople still believe that children born with Down’s syndrome are not capable of learning. In a group of children where all hope seems gone, music therapy has been found to be very beneficial. It can enhance physical, social. intellectual, and emotional development of the childr en. â€Å"Music therapy is the skillful use of music and musical elements by a music therapist to promote, maintain, and restore mental, physical, emotional and spiritual health (Angus 4).† It is used to achieve therapeutic

The Mixology of Philosophies Essay - 887 Words

The Mixology of Philosophies In our time of uncertainty one of the most stable institutions is the school system for children. Thus, being a teacher and providing the most stable atmosphere along with providing the children with an education must be handled delicately. I believe a mixture of essentialism, progressivism, perennialism, behaviorism, and social reconstrctonism is essential in achieving those goals. I believe that some knowledge is relevant to the time and place, but some knowledge is constant. Essentialism’s views of â€Å"back-to-basics† are appealing to me in regards to mathematics, history, reading and literature. These elements should be the basic focus of early education. A mastery of these†¦show more content†¦In teaching or instructing from a person’s experiences you make them see the relevant of the instruction. Progressivism views that the curriculum should be molded around the student’s experiences, interests, and abilities are another way to mold the school around the student. Also, in regards to the teacher’s lesson plans I believe that like perennialism they should be based on the great books, but like progressivism they should evoke or arouse curiosity and move the students to higher plan of learning. Mixing these two philosophies into the school and/or classroom curriculums best engages the studentsâ€⠄¢ individuality and constants of knowledge. Children need a reason to learn. In the view of behaviorism and giving children â€Å"extrinsic rewards† is a good start for the quest of knowledge, but as the child/student grows more abstract rewards of praise, self-sufficiency, and ability to see the deep seeded meaning is a more apparent reward. Progressivism gives students another reason to learn the reason is relevance. I believe in letting the student know why they are learning certain material. How many times have you asked a teacher â€Å"Why do I need to know this†? This question should not be brushed under the carpet but dealt with according to the students being taught. If it is decimals to fifth graders show them money and its applications. On the other hand, if it isShow MoreRelatedIt Is Just A Business With A Mission809 Words   |  4 Pagesour clients see it everyday along with me when I look in the mirror or at another employee’s shirt† (). Next up is the day bartender Tim. Tim responded to the first question as such, â€Å"Individual and collectively as a team we showcase our love of mixology, our appreciation for our customers, and a unique drive to be the best at what we do. By integrating all of those we create a great place for our clients. When you see someone that loves what they do that love becomes like an infection and spreadsRead MoreThe Tippling Bros.: Nationally Recognized Beverage Consultancy Firm2956 Words   |  12 Pagesaffluent, bold and demanding in their expectations of restaurants and bars due to the observation that American palates have grown more sophisticated and adventurous than ever before. This evolution has been observed through the exponential growth of mixology focused on-premise beverage programs, craft cocktail diversification and artisan liquors sales since 2009. Reports have indicated that with the craft cocktail is emerging as a top trend in the industry. The craft cocktail is taking consumers beyond

Fad Diets Free Essays

NO FAD DIETS Americans are obsessed with dieting. They willingly try the latest diet appearing in popular magazines, discussed on talk shows, and displayed on the shelves of a local bookstore. The basic premises to a healthy life seem simple, and Americans are even given specific guidelines- outlined in the food pyramid- as to how much of each food group to eat. We will write a custom essay sample on Fad Diets or any similar topic only for you Order Now If this is so, why then, is obesity one of the leading health risks confronting Americans? It may be because the simple and healthy road to weight loss is actually a long-term process. Therefore, it is tempting for Americans to substitute diets and exercise regimens with what are known as â€Å"fad diets†Ã¢â‚¬â€diets that promise quick and easy results. Long term weight loss does not come from extreme diets and quick fix decisions; losing weight and keeping it off comes from choosing a healthy lifestyle and making it a habit. Despite research, fad diets have achieved popularity proving their dangers and inefficiency. Just as a car needs the proper gasoline, the human body needs a healthy diet; a balance of protein, carbohydrates, and fat to properly develop. Although fad diets may share very different â€Å"truths†, most have many common characteristics: most claim to provide insight and new results, but they are simply replicas of older fad diets (Hobbs 2007, 42). They also claim that specific foods or group of foods are the â€Å"enemy† and should be banned from the diet. This is a myth—there is not a single food which is capable of causing weight gain or loss (Hobbs 2007, 42). Another characteristic of a fad diet is that they usually promise fast results. These diets are usually not supported by scientific evidence, and the information they provide are usually derived from a single study or analysis (Hobbs 2007, 42). An example of a popular fad diet is called â€Å"The Zone. † This plan was created by Barry Sears, PhD in 1995 (Greene 2003, 23). Sear’s principle argument is that human beings are programmed to function best on only two food groups: lean proteins and natural carbohydrates (Greene 2003, 24). Consumption of carbohydrates, according to Sears, produces insulin—a process that converts carbohydrates into fat (Greene 2003, 22). Critics of this diet argue that Sear’s theory regarding insulin production is an â€Å"unproven gimmick† (Greene 2003, 22). Individuals who go on fad diets are putting their body at risk for disease and illness. A second well-known fad diet is called â€Å"Sugar Busters. † This plan was created by H. Leighton Steward (Greene 2003, 13). Labeling sugar as the enemy because it releases insulin and then stores it as body fat, â€Å"Sugar Busters† demands that both refined and processed sugars be taken out of one’s diet (Greene 2003, 13). This includes potatoes, white rice, corn, and carrots. Sugar is not naturally toxic and it is dangerous to eliminate along with complex carbohydrates, which provide a good source of fiber (Greene 2003, 14). This plan, just like many other fad diets, calls for the elimination of a specific food. It is ignoring the fact that the human body needs many types of foods to stay healthy (Greene 2007, 17). These fad diets promote high- fat foods which, in turn, can increase the risk for heart disease, cancer, high cholesterol, and liver and kidney damage. A 2007 Stanford University study took 311 women who averaged 40 years old and 189 pounds, and put them on 1 out of 4 diets—the low carbohydrate Atkins and Zone diets, or the low-fat Ornish and LEARN diets. After six months, the Atkins dieters had lost 13 pounds; the others 6 to 8 pounds. All the dieters, however, started to regain what they had lost (American Heart Association 2005, 12). In the past year, the Atkins dieters regained 3 pounds, and the others had gained back 3 to 8 pounds (American Heart Association 2005, 11). None of these dieters could stick to the dieting plan for a long-term period. Fad diets are extreme plans that lack valid evidence and research. High-fat diets may promote short-term weight loss, but most of the loss is caused by dehydration (Hobbs 2007, 14). As the kidneys try to destroy fats and proteins, water is lost (Hobbs 2007, 14). High-fat diets are low in calories causing depletion of body mass instead of fat loss (Hobbs 2007, 16). Fad diets argue that the human body responds to carbohydrates in a way that causes weight gain. If Americans are gaining weight, it is because of the quantities they consume. Weight gain is due to the excessive calories, not the carbohydrates that invite obesity (Greene 2003, 22). If fad diets work, it is due to the decreasing of calories being consumed [The Zone’s diet calls for less than one thousand calories a day] (Greene 2007, 33). Fad diets are very difficult to keep up with since they ban certain products and require repeated eating of certain foods. These fad diets are low in calcium, fiber, and other important vitamins (Hobbs 2003, 32). This provides many dangers such as heart disease, hardening of arteries, and high cholesterol. Many fad diets contribute to the â€Å"yo-yo dieting. † Yo-yo dieting is the successive loss and gain of weight due to excessive dieting. This makes weight loss slow when it is looked at from a healthy perspective (American Heart Association 2005, 39). Because of the obvious health dangers and the failure to provide long-term weight loss, this should encourage people to stop using fad diets but that is not the case. Fad diets continue to remain the substitute for healthy diet plans and exercise. Each year, Americans spend more than thirty billion dollars fighting fat—often on gimmicks that do not work (American Heart Association 2005, 9). What is so appealing to Americans about fad diets? Instead of pursuing the long and enduring road of healthy diets and habits, most embrace the â€Å"easy fix† – the fad diet. When one hears of a person losing a significant amount of weight, one often does not even question the health risks, and they embrace this quick way of losing weight for themselves. Devoting to a lifestyle that includes exercise and eating a proper diet with moderate portions is still the best method to lose weight and keep it off (Greene 2007, 21). Those who make the change from a typical high-fat fad diet to one that follows a diet based on the food pyramid will slowly and safely lose weight (Greene 2007, 22). It is important to note that it is possible for fad diets to prove effective for certain individuals. Each body is different, reacting to certain diets in different ways (Hobbs 2003, 56). Fad diets may work on bodies that are used to such extreme constraints. Diversity, however, is the most basic principle for the human body (Hobbs 2003, 59). The fact that fad diets disregard this most fundamental truth renders them unhealthy and ineffective. The diet industry is giving the world what they want—a diet plan that can be followed while keeping the same of living (Greene 2007, 40). If a person want to lose weight, it is best to stay away from fad diets. A magic pill or diet will not take weight off. A person trying to lose weight should talk to their physician about a healthy weight loss plan that is right for their individual needs. Also, Exercise goes hand-in-hand with weight loss. Simply walking 2 to 3 times each week will boost your metabolism. Studies show that ninety-five percent of people who lose weight gain it back within five years (Greene 2007, 32). It is not surprising that nearly twenty-five percent of Americans are confused when it comes to dieting (Greene 2007, 32). Reducing calories, no matter how approached, will result in weight loss, but when cutting calories, it is also important to choose foods that nourish the body (Greene 2007, 35). In conclusion, fad diets do not result in long-term weight loss, are nutritionally inadequate, and should simply be avoided. The key diet for weight loss is one that reduces overall caloric intake and promotes physical activity. Psalm 139:14 says, â€Å"For I am fearfully and wonderfully made. † We need to live a lifestyle that reflects this principle; fad diets are not a reflection of this. God designed us exactly how He wanted to, and that should bring comfort to each and every person in this world. How to cite Fad Diets, Essay examples

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Post-Traumatic Stress Essay The Post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental illness that maydevelop in people after a horrible experience. This is a big reaction to extremestress. There are many causes, symptoms, and treatments for the post-traumaticstress disorder. There are many causes this disorder has, and this includes:coming out of war, being raped, or attacked, child abuse, natural disasters, caraccidents, and even people who witness traumatic events could develop thisdisorder. A person who has experienced a bad traumatic event has a better chanceof developing this disorder than a person who experienced a less traumatic eventdevelops. This works the same way with people who witness something horrible. There are several themes in Possession that tie this book to earlier texts that we have read. Individual versus group identity, feminism, sexuality and the link between present and past are themes that Byatt deals with in her novel. Interestingly, Byatt expresses many of these themes using symbolic color imagery, a technique that makes her writing reminiscent of Pre-Raphaelite style. According to Byatt, the struggle of the individual to discover and then live out her own identity, an identity etched out only with enormous effort and determination is a major theme running through many of her novels, especially this one. The title itself brings out the first questions of identity-Possession. Who possesses whom? Does he possess her, or does she possess him? Are they owning and possessing their literary history, or does it possess them? Individual identity is lost in the way the book is written. Many times, the reader cannot tell one couple from the other-who is reading Ashs poetry, kiss ing, running away on a honeymoon of sorts, and making love? Is it Roland and Maud, or is she suddenly writing about Christabel and Ash again? Throughout the book, Byatt often makes these switches in characters between scenes without telling the reader. The effect is that the narrative is essentially no different for each couple living in different time periods. The same love story that defines Christabel and Ash in the 1860s also describes Roland and Maud in the 1980s. In Victorian tradition, it was the man who owned the woman, his wife. Yet in this modern Victorian work, that becomes twisted. When Ash attempts to claim Christabel on page 308 by holding her and making love to her, the act of possession is switched around. He is trying figuratively to grasp her, and she was liquid moving through his grasping fingers, as though she was waves of the sea rising all round him. He tries to take her all in, to know her, and her womanhood eludes him, as personality always will. Byatts messa ge seems to be that a personality cannot be taken or possessed by someone else, that individuality always remains, even in Victorian situations of female oppression and domination by males. This interwovenness and connection between the two couples through themes and situations, serves also to connect the past to the present, the Victorian to the Post-modern. Gilded Age Essay The poverty that Native Americans and those of other similar demographics lived in caused a sharp difference in veterans who suffered from PTSD, as Sarah L. Knox writes in a review of Eric T. Dean, Jr.s Shook over Hell: Post-Traumatic Stress, Vietnam, and the Civil War (111). Knox says Dean argues that the privileged veteran would receive better treatment and medical attention compared to his impoverished counterpart (111). Neal also states that the communities and employers of Vietnam veterans treated them as if they had just gotten back from a vacation (140). This casual handling .

Kelly Johnston Essays (260 words) - American Literature,

Kelly Johnston Nicola Thomas ENG3UE-26 August 2, 2018 Person Versus Society I feel that the biggest conflict in the novel A Lesson Before Dying is person versus society. From the start to the end of the novel, Ernest J. Gaines shows us how racism and discrimination effects the everyday lives of African-Americans. In the state of Louisiana African Americans were not treated as equal's. In A lesson before Dying houses were made with back doors for the blacks to enter through. African-Americans were made to feel ashamed and humiliated simply by having to enter through the back door. Though slavery had ended, African-Americans were still being treated with little respect. In the novel Grant says "Since emancipation, almost a hundred years ago, they would do any kind of work they could find to keep from working side by side in the field with the niggers. (Chapter 25)". This quote shows that even biracial people with half black in their blood did not want to be black because of the way they were treated. These people were stuck in the middle because they did not t hink of themselves as black, yet the whites did not consider the biracial people as part of their community. In conclusion the writer shows obvious and subtle points about racism and discrimination in the community of Louisiana in the 1940's, making me feel that the most important conflict in the novel is Person versus Society. Works Cited Gains Ernest J - A Lesson Before Dying HYPERLINK "https://tdsb.elearningontario.ca/d2l/le/content/12379002/viewContent/100286751/View" https://tdsb.elearningontario.ca/d2l/le/content/12379002/viewContent/100286751/View

Free Essays on Prayer In Schools

It’s nine-thirty on a Monday morning do you know where your kids are or what they are doing? Assuming that your children are in school in one of the 29 states that allow a moment of silence in public classrooms, they could be praying. That’s right, praying in a building owned by the United States government that is supported by the same government that in 1962 decided in the Supreme Court case of Engle vs. Vitale that the Establishment of the First Amendment prohibited school-sponsored prayer. In light of the recent tragedies, such as the terrorist attacks on America and the Columbine High school shootings, the debate has become more popular in the media and in the federal legislature. Should prayer or moments of silence be allowed in schools? The debate over this controversial topic is very impassioned on both sides, conservatives characteristically support legislation that allows a moment of silence, while liberals oppose such legislation. I plan to represent both positions taken on the topic of school prayer or moment of silence. This will include the argument for and against moments of silence, as well both sides of the student initiated prayer debate along with my view on prayer in schools. Currently state governments have the power to make the decision on whether to allow their schools to admit a moment of silence in their public school systems. Virginia is just one of the states that allow a moment of silence in its schools. One problem this proposes is in regards to grade school students. Grade school students often do not know what the moment of silence is about, nor are their teachers given the guidelines to explain the moment of silence. Third-grader Hunter Hallman, told her mother what she thought the moment about â€Å"what we’re supposed to think about†¦the man who wrote the song.† Her mother was puzzled until she figured out that Hunter was referring to Francis Scott Key in reflection of the class... Free Essays on Prayer In Schools Free Essays on Prayer In Schools It’s nine-thirty on a Monday morning do you know where your kids are or what they are doing? Assuming that your children are in school in one of the 29 states that allow a moment of silence in public classrooms, they could be praying. That’s right, praying in a building owned by the United States government that is supported by the same government that in 1962 decided in the Supreme Court case of Engle vs. Vitale that the Establishment of the First Amendment prohibited school-sponsored prayer. In light of the recent tragedies, such as the terrorist attacks on America and the Columbine High school shootings, the debate has become more popular in the media and in the federal legislature. Should prayer or moments of silence be allowed in schools? The debate over this controversial topic is very impassioned on both sides, conservatives characteristically support legislation that allows a moment of silence, while liberals oppose such legislation. I plan to represent both positions taken on the topic of school prayer or moment of silence. This will include the argument for and against moments of silence, as well both sides of the student initiated prayer debate along with my view on prayer in schools. Currently state governments have the power to make the decision on whether to allow their schools to admit a moment of silence in their public school systems. Virginia is just one of the states that allow a moment of silence in its schools. One problem this proposes is in regards to grade school students. Grade school students often do not know what the moment of silence is about, nor are their teachers given the guidelines to explain the moment of silence. Third-grader Hunter Hallman, told her mother what she thought the moment about â€Å"what we’re supposed to think about†¦the man who wrote the song.† Her mother was puzzled until she figured out that Hunter was referring to Francis Scott Key in reflection of the class...

Current issues in management Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Current issues in management - Term Paper Example Planning consists of the preparatory evaluations of strategic intentions that determine how best to structure the organization and its internal processes to meet a particular strategic goal. Planning allows the manager to observe the entire internal and external environment, look for strengths and weaknesses of human capital and tangible capital availability, and then develop an appropriate operational plan or strategic plan that will bring the business closer to achieving the long-term goals for increased market share among competition. Why is planning one of the most critical management roles? Many organizations that provide products and services rely on innovations to ensure adequate revenue production. If an organization wishes to be a first-mover to launch a product, thereby outperforming competitive ingenuities, the manager must determine how to coordinate internal tangible and human-based resources to achieve first-to-market success. This requires synchronizing activities betw een research and development teams, production systems, support and technology systems, the marketing division, and procurement (Nickels, et al., 2008). At the same time, one of the fundamental differentiation tactics used by businesses to maintain competitive advantage is to establish a positive brand reputation and brand personality to gain market demand and build long-term loyalty toward the product or service brand. Without the inter-dependencies and knowledge transfer between expert systems and tacit knowledge holders in all of these divisions, first-to-market objectives and brand-building cannot occur effectively. Planning is a critical dimension in establishing a positive and respected brand that is considered relevant and vital to many consumer target markets. Consumers maintain many diverse lifestyle characteristics, attitudes, beliefs and principles that will determine how they connect with a product or service brand and ultimately make their purchasing decisions against t hese criteria. A company can coordinate internal activities to sustain first-mover advantage, however if the product or brand is not promoted properly or provides the proper incentive for purchasing it will have a limited life cycle on the market before reaching the decline stage, one where inventory control, cash management, and obsolescence costs skyrocket (Dooley, 2005). Thus, it becomes an imperative that proper planning is conducted regarding external consumer preferences and characteristics so that the internal dynamics of the organization can be coordinated to provide an effective branded offering. Without this planning occurring, there will be little fundamental knowledge of what is driving purchasing behavior of target consumers and thus the product innovation will be a marketing and sales failure (Boone & Kurtz, 2007). Managers must be proactive in planning to assess the internal and external market in order to create a valuable brand reputation. It is the most important e lement of management design since it establishes the foundation of knowledge that can be transformed into relevant product offerings in the business marketplace. Statement of Principles Kalyanaram & Gurumurthy (2008) reinforce that the majority of consumers are risk averse. They will often embrace the product or se

Government Rules and Public Opinion about Hunting Research Paper

Government Rules and Public Opinion about Hunting - Research Paper Example The Chinese authorities put strong control over hunting activities because of political reasons. The general public interest in China is not in favor of hunting activities. "China Wildlife Management Authority started to plan an auction of hunting quota and permits for the fall season of 2006, in order to replace the original way of issuing the hunting permits based on case application and case approval† (â€Å"Hunting In China is Suspended - Again!†). On the other hand, Canadian laws with respect to hunting are more liberal in nature. Moreover, Canadians like hunting very much. The influence of religion and politics can be observed in the public opinion of hunting in Canada and China. This paper compares the laws and public attitude in China and Canada with respect to hunting. According to the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Wildlife Chapter II, Article 8, â€Å"The state shall protect wildlife and the environment for its survival, and shall prohibit the illegal hunting, catching or destruction of wildlife by any unit or individual† (â€Å"Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Wildlife†). ... Chinese authorities have divided the entire wildlife into two categories: special protection category and non-protection category. Hunting of wildlife in the special protection category is unlawful in all circumstances whereas licensed hunting is allowed in other categories. Article 18 of the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Wildlife, Chapter III, states that â€Å"Anyone who intends to hunt or catch wildlife that is not under special state protection must obtain a hunting license and observe the hunting quota assigned. Anyone who intends to hunt with a gun must obtain a gun license from the public security organ of the county or municipality concerned† (â€Å"Hunting in China Is Suspended - Again!†). In short, hunting without permission is prohibited legally in China. Chinese authorities are respecting animal rights more than any other countries in the world. Public opinion continues to be strongly opposed to issuing new hunting permits in Chi na. "So you are saying that you can protect the animals by killing them?" said a netizen called Dazuiyu. "If we reopen the hunting ground in Dulan to foreigners, it is hard to say how many more will come. The number of animals they want is small this time, what about next time and the time after next? It will increase fast"(Yuan). Public opinion in China seems to be against hunting. It is difficult for the Chinese people to come out strongly against the governmental policies. They often respond through Internet in order to keep their anonymity. â€Å"Foreigners were previously allowed to hunt in China only after completing a complicated application process. By the end of last year, China had earned US$36.39 million by allowing

Seed priming technique

Seed priming technique Abstract Seed priming is a technique by which seeds are partially hydrated to a point where germination processes begin but radical emergence does not occur. Priming can be found effective both for legumes and grain crops. A pot experiment was conducted under green house conditions at Pir Mehr Ali shah, Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi during summer of 2007. The seeds were invigorated by traditional soaking (hydropriming), osmo-conditioning (soaking of seeds in aerated, low-water-potential solutions) using, potassium di-hydrogen phosphate KH2PO4, Mannitol, Polyethylene glycol (PEG), sodium molybdate (Na2MO4.2H2O) and hormonal priming by using salicylic acid (SA). The ranges of osmotic potential for all the priming treatments were -0.5 to -1.2 M Pa. All the invigoration treatments significantly affected plant vigor, biomass, root, shoot length and nodulation. Osmopriming using P @ 0.60% applied in the form of KH2PO4 significantly improved seed vigour in terms of mean emergence time (5.5 2 to 4.51 days), final germination percentage (74 to 89%) root and shoot length and nodulation (0 to 4 nodules seedling-1) followed by mannitol priming (Mannitol @ 2%). Overall all the seed priming techniques significantly improved the vigour of mungbean seedlings as compare to control. The use of polyethylene glycol is expensive and gave similar results as for dry seeding so it should be replaced by hydropriming in further experiments. It is recommended that nutrient-priming and osmopriming can be used as effective tool for invigoration of mungbean seeds, for better growth and seedling establishment. Key words: Osmo-priming, hydropriming, vigna radiata, seedling vigour, nodulation INTRODUCTION Seed priming is a practice by which seeds are partially hydrated to a point where germination processes begin but radical emergence does not occur (Harris et al., 2000). Seed priming can be found effective for legumes i.e., yields of Mungbean and Chickpea were increased substantially by priming seeds for 8 h before sowing (Harris et al., 1999; Musa et al., 2001; Rashid et al., 2004). Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) is grown on over 200,000 ha with production of more than 100,000 t under rainfed and irrigated conditions in Pakistan. Yields for the rainfed area are generally low and variable due to sparse, erratic rainfall and marginal soils. Mungbean production in Punjab Province is dependent mainly on surface irrigation but it is also grown under rain fed conditions. In the Southern region of Pakistan rainfall is scanty and mungbean is grown with surface irrigation only. Poor crop establishment is a major restraint for mungbean production (Naseem et. al., 1997; Rahmianna et al., 2000) and high yields can be associated with early vigor (Kumar et al., 1989). Improved seed invigoration techniques are being used to reduce the germination time, to get synchronized germination, improve germination rate, and improve seedling stand in many horticultural (Bradford et al. 1990; Rudrapal and Nakamura 1998) and field crops like wheat, maize (Aquilla and Tritto 1991; Basra et al. 2002) and more recently rice (Farooq et al. 2004). These invigoration techniques include hydropriming, osmoconditioning (Basra et al. 2005), osmohardening (Farooq et al. 2006) and hardening (Farooq et al. 2004). These treatments can also be employed for earlier and better nursery stand establishment (Lee et al. 1998). This study was initiated to explore the effects of aerated hydration, hormonal priming (salicylic acid), nutrient priming (Phosphorous and molybdenum loading) and osmo-conditioning on mungbean (vigna radiata) seed vigour under green house conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seed material Seeds of mungbean cultivar Chakwal Mung-97 (CH-MUNG 97) were obtained from Barani Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Chakwal. The seeds were sterilized by using 30% hypochlorite for five minutes and then washed three times with distilled water. Seed Treatments The following seed priming treatments were applied Nutrient priming The seeds were soaked in aerated solution of phosphorous (P @ 0.60 1.20 %) and molybdate (Mo @ 0.02 0.04 %). The sources for phosphorous and molybdenum were potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) and sodium molybdate (Na2MoO4.2H2O), respectively. Osmopriming The seeds were soaked in aerated solutions of mannitol (mannitol @ 2 % 4 %) and polyethylene glycole (Polyethylene glycol @ 5% 10%). Hormonal priming The seeds were soaked in aerated solution of salicylic acid (SA @ 10 20 ppm) Post treatment operations After seed treatments the seeds were given surface washing three times by distilled water. Aeration was also applied by pump. Air dried soil was placed in 10-cm tall plastic pots with 6-cm diameter. The soil used in the pot experiment was sandy loam having pH of 7.9. Soil was made friable by scratching the surface with a two cm wide table fork to a depth of 1-cm of moist soil. The seeds were also inoculated before sowing. Ten numbers of seeds were planted in each pot and thinned to six plants per pot. Similar amount of water applied in regular intervals to all pots under study. The plants were harvested 21 days after sowing (DAS), and seedlings root/shoot length were taken. The seedlings were dried at 75 oC for 48 hours and the dry matter was finally determined. The complete randomized design (CRD) was used in pot experiment. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare treatment means. RESULTS The data showed that different seed priming treatments had significant (p There was significant (p There was significant (p The data depicts that seed priming had significant impact on the root as well as shoot length, 21 days after sowing (DAS). All the priming treatments significantly increased the root as well as shoot length of seedlings. The data revealed that T5 (P @ 0.60%) and T9 (mannitol @ 2 %) gave the best results. The lowest root length (4.56 cm) was observed in control. T4 (Mo @ 0.04%) showed lower root length than T2 and T3 (Mo @ 0.02 %) and higher from control. Treatment T6 (P @ 1.2%) showed lower root length than T5 (P @ 0.06%) and at par with T1 and T4. Hormonal priming using salicylic acid (SA @ 20 ppm) also showed lower root length than T7 (SA @ 10 ppm) and at par with T4 and T6. The data also showed that T10 (mannitol @ 4%) is lower than T9 (mannitol @ 2%) and at par with T7. The data also depicts that T12 (PEG @ 10%) showed lower root length as compare to T11 (PEG @ 5 %) which showed also higher root length than all other treatments except T2 and T9 (Figure 1). Maximum shoot length observed in the T5 (P @ 0.06 %) followed by T9 (mannitol @ 2%). The data also depicts the shortest shoot length was observed in the control. The data also revealed that T4 resulted in lower shoot length than T3 and T2. It is also evident that T6 is lower than T5 and at par with T3 and T2 (Figure 1). T8 showed higher shoot length than T7 and at par with T2, T3 and T6. Treatments T9 and T10 and T11, T12 also showed similar results. Discussion Earlier and more uniform germination and emergence was observed in primed seeds as indicated by lower MET and E50, higher germination percent and root and shoot dry weight (tables 1). Lesser MET and E50 specify the earlier and rapid germination. These findings support the prior work on canola (Brassica compestris) (Zheng et al., 1994), wheat (Triticum aestivum) (Nayyar et al., 1995) and rice (Oryza sativa) (Lee and Kim 2000; Basra et al., 2003) who described improved germination rate and percentage in seeds subjected to hydropriming and seed hardening for 24 h. This study revealed that osmo, nutrient and hormonal priming could invigorate mungbean seeds. One of the reasons for decreased MET is that during pre-sowing seed treatments the dormancy of the seed is broken and the seed bio-chemical processes commences, which lead to faster germination and emergence (Farooq et al., 2006). Seed priming ensured the proper hydration, which resulted in enhanced activity of a-amylase that hydrolyzed the macro starch molecules in to smaller and simple sugars. The availability of instant food to the germinating seed gave a vigorous start as indicated by lower E50 and MET in treated seeds (Farooq et al.,2006) during priming de novo synthesis of a-amylase is also documented (Lee and Kim, 2000). Early emergence as indicated by lower E50 and MET in treated seeds may be due to the faster production of germination metabolites (Saha et al. 1990; Lee Kim 2000; Basra et al. 2005) and better genetic repair, i.e. earlier and faster synthesis of DNA, RNA and proteins (Bray et al. 1989). Gray and Steckel (1983) also concluded that priming increased embryo length, which resulted in early initiation of germination in carrot seeds. The increased shoot and root length in primed plants can be due to metabolic repair of damage during treatment and that change in germination events i.e., changes in enzyme concentration and formation and reduction of lag time between imbibition and radicle emergence (Bradford et al., 1990). Treated seeds had stronger embryos that were able to more easily emerge from seeds (Harris et al., 2005). These results are also in line with the findings of Sekiya et al. (2009) who reported enhanced root and shoot length of seedlings obtained from P enriched seeds. To contribute to plant growth and development seed priming has been widely reported technique (Harris et al., 2005). Ajouri et al. (2004) reported a stimulation of P and Zn uptake, as well as an improved germination and seedling growth in barley after soaking seeds in water and in solutions containing 5-500 mM P. It has been also reported invigorated seeds had higher vigour levels (Ruan et al. 2002), which resulted in earlier start of emergence as high vigour seed lots performed better than low vigour ones (Hampton and Tekrony 1995). Yamauchi and Winn (1996) also reported positive correlation between seed vigour and field performance in rice. Earlier, Zheng et al. (2002) reported earlier and uniform emergence in rice seeds osmoprimed with KCl and CaCl2 and mixed salts under flooded conditions. Hydropriming improved the early and vigorous crop establishment in maize (Nagar et al. 1998) and Helichrysum bracteatum L. (Grzesik Nowak 1998). However, other studies resulted in poor emergence from hydroprimed Kentucky bluegrass seeds under field conditions (Pill Necker 2001). However Nascimento and West (1999) reported early germination of primed seeds but not recorded any improvement in the growth of seedlings in muskmelon seeds under laboratory conditions. Confounding results, where priming did not show any beneficial results, also reported by different research workers (Mwale et al., 2003; Giri and Schillinger, 2003). The increase of nodulation, seedling vigor and tolerance to stresses may depend on various factors occurring during priming treatment. One hypothesis is that benefits of priming can be due to metabolic repair of damage during treatment and that change in germination events i.e., changes in enzyme concentration and formation and reduces lag time between imbibition and radicle emergence (Bradford et al., 1990). One of the possible reasons for early nodule formation may be due to enhanced activity of a-amylase and sucrose synthase in primed seeds which may facilitate plant growth and vigor (Lee and Kim, 2000). From the present study it may be concluded that seed priming may enhance the seedling vigour of mungbean. Nutrient priming using phosphorous and osmopriming with mannitol were the most efficient priming treatments in this study. In further research work biochemical basis for the enhanced phenology of mungbean may be evaluated. REFERENCES Aquilla D. A., V. Tritto. 1991. Germination and biochemical activities in wheat seeds following delayed harvesting, ageing and osmotic priming. Seed Sci.Tech.19:73 82. Anonymous.2009. Agriculture statistics of Pakistan. Ministry of Food,Agriculture and Livestock. Economic wing, Islamabad. Pp. 46-47. Association of Official Seed Analysis (AOSA). 1998. Rules for testing seeds. J. Seed Tec.12:1-112. Association of Official Seed Analysis (AOSA).1983.Seed Vigor Testing Handbook. Contribution No. 32 to the Handbook on Seed Testing. Barber, S. A. 1995. Soil nutrient bioavailability, 2nd edn. Willey, New York Basra, S. M. A., M. Farooq, K. Hafeez and N. Ahmad. 2004. Osmohardening: A new technique for rice seed invigoration. Int. Rice Res.Notes.29:80 81. Basra SMA, Farooq M, Tabassum R. 2005. Physiological and biochemical aspects of seed vigor enhancement treatments in fine rice (Oryza sativa L.). Seed Sci.Tech.33:623 628. Basra S. M. A., M. N. Zia, T. Mehmood, I. Afzal, A. Khaliq.2002. Comparison of different invigoration techniques in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeds. Pak. J Arid Agric.5:11 16. Basra, S. M A., Farooq, M. and Tabassum, R. 2005. Physiological and biochemical aspects of seed vigor enhancement treatments in fine rice (Oryza sativa L.). Seed Sci.Tech.33:623-628. Basra, S.M.A., Farooq, M. and Khaliq,A.2003.Comparative study of pre-sowing seed enhancement treatments in fine rice (Oryza sativa L.). Pak. J. Life Soc. Sci.1:5-9. Basra, S.M.A., Farooq, M., Hafeez, K and Ahmed, N.2004.Osmohardening: A new technique for rice seed invigoration. Inter. Rice Res.Notes.27:74-75. Basra, S.M.A., Farooq, M., Tabassum, R. and Ahmed, N. 2005. Physiological and biochemical aspects of seed vigor enhancement treatments in fine rice (Oryza sativa L.). Seed Sci.Tech.33: 623-628. Basra, S.M.A., M. Farooq and A. Khaliq. 2003.Comparative study of pre-sowing seed enhancement treatments in indica rice (Oryza sativa L.). Pakistan J. Life Soc.Sci.1: 5-9. Basra, S.M.A., Zia, M.N., Mehmood, T., Afzal, I. and Khaliq, A.2002.Comparision of different invigoration techniques in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeds. Pak. J. Arid Agri.5:11-16. Bose, B. and Mishra, T. 1992. Response of wheat seed to pre-sowing seed treatments with Mg (NO3). Annals.Agri.Res.13:132-136. Bradford KJ, Steiner JJ, Trawatha SE.1990. Seed priming influence on germination and emergence of pepper seed lots. Crop Sci.30:718 721. Bradford, K.J., 1990. A water relations analysis of the seed germination rates. Plant Physiol.94:840-849. Bray C.M., P.A. Davison, M. Ashraf, R.M. Taylor, Biochemical changes during osmopriming of leek seeds, Ann.Bot.Lond.63:185-193. Bray, C.M., Davison, P.A., Ashraf, M., Taylor, R.M. 1989. Biochemical changes during osmopriming of leek seeds. Annals Bot.36:185-193. Chojnowski M., F. Corbineau, D. CÃ ´me, Physiological and biochemical changes induced in sunflower seeds by osmopriming and subsequent drying, storage and aging, Seed Sci.Res.7:323-331. Coolbear, P., Francis, A., Grierson, D.1984.The effect of low temperature pre-sowing treatment under the germination performance and membrane integrity of artificially aged tomato seeds. J.Exp.Bot.35:1609-1617. Rudrapal, D., S. Nakamura, The effect of hydration-dehydration pretreatments on eggplant and radish seed viability and vigour. Seed Sci.Tech.16:123-130. Dahal, P., Bradford, K.J., 1990. Effects of priming and endosperm integrity on seed germination Das, J. C., and A. K. Choudhury. 1996. Effect of seed hardening, potassium fertilizer, and paraquat as anti-transpirant on rainfed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Indian J. Agron. 41:397-400. Duman, I. 2006. Effects of seed priming with PEG or K3PO4 on Germination and Seedling Growth in Lettuce. Pak. J. Bio. Sci. 9 (5): 923-928 Ellis, R.A. and E.H. Roberts. 1981. The quantification of ageing and survival in orthodox seeds. Seed Sci. and Technol. 9: 373-409 Farooq M, Basra SMA, Cheema MA, Afzal I. 2006. Integration of pre-sowing soaking, chilling and heatingtreatments for vigor enhancement in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Seed Sci.Tech.34:499 506. Farooq M, Basra SMA, Hafeez K, Ahmad N. 2005. Thermal hardening: A new seed vigor enhancement tool in rice. J.Integ.PlantBio.47:87 193. Farooq M, Basra SMA, Hafeez K, Warriach EA. 2004. The influence of high and low temperature treatments on the seed germination and seedling vigor of coarse and fine rice. Int.RiceRes.Notes.29:69 71. Farooq M, Basra SMA, Hafeez K. 2006. Seed invigoration by osmohardening in fine and coarse rice. Seed Sci.Tech.34:181 187. Farooq M, Basra SMA, Karim HA, Afzal I. 2004. Optimization of seed hardening techniques for rice seed invigoration. Emir.J.Agric.Sci.16:48 57. Farooq, M., Basra, S.M.A., Hafeez, K and Ahmad, N. 2005.Thermal hardening: a new seed vigor enhancement tool in rice. Ac.Bot.Sin.47:187-193. Farooq, M., Basra, S.M.A., Hafeez, K and Warriach, E.A. 2004.The influence of high and low temperature treatments on the seed germination and seedling vigor of coarse and fine rice. Inter. Rice Res.29:69-71. Farooq, M., Basra, S.M.A., Tabassum, R. and Ahmed, N. 2006. Evaluation of seed vigour enhancement techniques on physiological and biochemical basis in coarse rice (Oryza sativa L.)Seed Sci.Tech.34:741-750. Farooq, M., S.M. A. Basra and R.Tabassum.2006. Enhancing the performance of direct seeded fine rice by seed priming. Plant Prod. Sci.4: 446-456. Fu, J.R., X.H. Lu, R.Z. Chen, B.Z. Zhang, Z.S. Liu, Z.S. Li, et al.,Osmoconditioning of peanut (Arachis hypogen L.) seeds with PEG to improve vigour and some biochemical activities. Seed Sci.Tech.16:197-212. Giri, G. S and W. F. Schillinger, 2003. Seed priming winter wheat for germination, emergence and yield. Crop Sci., 43: 2135-2141 Grandi, T.M., G. J. Marinho, D. A. Lopes, and A. P. Araujo, 1999. Effect of seed phosphorous concentration on nodulation and growth of three common bean cultivars. J. Plant Nut. 22: 1599-1611. Grzesik M, Nowak J. 1998. Effects of matriconditioning and hydropriming on Helichrysum bracteatum L. seed germination, seedling emergence and stress tolerance. Seed Sci Technol 26: 363 376. Hampton, J. G. and D. M. Tekrony. 1995. Handbook of ISTA vigour test methods. 3rd ed. Zurich: ISTA. 10. Jeng TL, Sung JM. 1994. Hydration effect on lipid peroxidation and peroxide-scavenging enzyme activity of artificially aged peanut seeds. Seed Sci Techn. 22: 531 539 Harris, D. 1996. The effects of manure, genotype, seed priming, depth and date of sowing on the emergence and early growth of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench in semi-arid Botswana. 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Great Gatsby and Araby Essay

In â€Å"Araby,† an allegorical short story from his compilation, Dubliners, author James Joyce depicts his homeland of Ireland as a paralyzing and morally filthy environment. The young protagonist is an unknowing victim of society’s preoccupation with materialism, and in his rush to grow up accepts its distorted views of wealth and love as truth. Conversely, Jay Gatsby, from F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby, tries to win back the heart of Daisy Buchanan through his obsessive attempts to repeat the past. In each work, the male lead resorts to monetary extremes to capture the attention of his female counterpart under the false notion that love can be purchased. While the boy hopes that a gift will win the affection of his friend’s sister, Gatsby desperately strives to woo Daisy with his bootlegging spoils. Some are able to escape the influence society exerts, while others remain fixated on vanity. Each author manipulates color and shade to epitomize t he materialism of adulthood and the confusion of love of wealth with genuine love. The protagonist of â€Å"Araby† fantasizes about growing up enough to attain the love of his friend’s sister. Because the young boy believes he is in love, he elevates himself above his peers. He isolates himself in his dark attic and watches his companions â€Å"playing below in the street,† their cries â€Å"weakened and indistinct † (Joyce 24). Although he tries to ignore them, the voices of his childhood freedom still reach the boy no matter how much he tries to separate himself. The boy discounts â€Å"some distant lamp or lighted window gleam[ing] below† on his peers, abandoning the light of childhood while he exercises a feeling of superiority (Joyce 23). By distancing himself from his coequals, he embarks on a vainglorious quest to prematurely reach adulthood, thereby reducing the value of childhood innocence. His quest, however, succeeds only in pressing him further into the darkness of adult ideals. Adults face greater challenges and have more responsibility than children do; it is easier for them to forsake their morals than to leave materialistic values behin d. Because they ignore their values, adults are of a far lesser innocence than the children they are meant to teach and thus exert a negative influence on their unknowing pupils. The boy learns from his surroundings that purchasing love is the only acceptable path to attaining happiness and growth. Mangan’s sister â€Å"turns the silver bracelet round and round her wrist,† drawing the boy into the superficiality of adulthood (Joyce 24). However, because he sees the girl as â€Å"defined by light,† he mistakenly confuses the ideas of wealth and happiness (Joyce 22). The combination of materialism and happiness makes it difficult to determine the meaning of either. Rather than developing a relationship based on mutual interest, the boy tries to buy the girl’s love. When he is unable to purchase a gift for her, he finds himself in a â€Å"completely dark† environment (Joyce 26). The boy immediately epiphanizes that he is â€Å"a creature driven and derided by vanity,† signifying that light can emerge out of darkness (Joyce 26). His cognizance no longer allows surrounding influences of materialism to grip him; he realizes love is not a commodity. Mistakes are necessary for moral growth, therefore the young boy needed to suffer vanity and the consequences of his own greed to realize that wealth alone cannot fulfill happiness. His challenges become the outlet through which he ascertains the shallowness of the adult world, ultimately subjugating his influences. By vanquishing them, the boy discerns the genuine love depicted by light. Fitzgerald juxtaposes the obsessively nostalgic Jay Gatsby with Joyce’s young boy who hastily looks forward to adulthood. Despite Gatsby’s seniority, he and the boy both believe they can purchase their beloveds’ affection. Gatsby views wealth as the equivalent of self-worth; his doomed sense of hope justifies his illusion. He optimistically watches the green light at the end of the Buchanan’s dock, â€Å"minute and far away,† with his â€Å"arms stretched out toward the dark water† (Fitzgerald 26). Gatsby reaches for Daisy with profound determination, but bases his resolve on the crooked belief that his grandiose home and expensive clothes will win her love. His materialistic concerns create an impassable gap, placing true love out of reach. Lights on the other side of the water appear greener and grander, causing Gatsby to ignorantly believe that is where happiness originates. The intrinsic confusion of wealth and happiness deprives Gatsby of a truly fulfilled life. Thinking his new affluence will please Daisy, Gatsby draws her attention to his new Rolls Royce. However, the association of Gatsby’s yellow car with â€Å"restlessness†¦with power†¦and finally with death† (Parkinson 41) foreshadows destruction. Even after Daisy accidentally kills Myrtle Wilson with the yellow car, Gatsby still fails to see the uncontrollable dangers of greed . Wealth only consumes those who attain it, spitting failure into their faces when it ceases to satiate their avarice . Gatsby’s picturesque opulence deteriorates to frustration because money cannot make him happy. Rather than accepting this conclusion, he dons an elegant wardrobe â€Å"which echoes Daisy’s attributes of white, gold, and silver† (Parkinson 47). Gatsby believes his â€Å"white flannel suit†¦and gold colored necktie† will attract Daisy under the guise of suave elegance (Fitzgerald 89). The double entendre, however, is that the gold necktie resting around his throat parallels wealth’s threat to choke off his credibility, sanity, and ultimately, life-force. Although Gatsby actively perpetuates his superficial ambition, Daisy simply allows life to unfold around her. Fitzgerald parallels Daisy’s floral namesake with her white exterior and tainted yellow interior. Wealth rots her to her core, though she maintains a pretense of purity, always â€Å"dressed in white† (Fitzgerald 127). Daisy enjoys her trivial existence only because she has the means to do so. Without wealth to distract her from her meaningless life, she would feel empty and worthless. Contentment based solely on the availability of money inevitably crumbles and fades away, landing in the colorless, desolate Valley of Ashes. With an ever-looming presence, the sign of Doctor T. J. Eckleberg looks over this valley of lost dreams through faded yellow glasses. No matter how willful the dreamer, visionaries with greedy ambitions must endure cruel judgment. These individuals poison their own lives and become soulless shells, unable to muster the same determination again. The green light he strives for becomes â€Å"distant and unattainable† even though Gatsby never truly gives up on winning back Daisy (Parkinson 46). The spoils of his wealth decay to worthlessness and loneliness; in failing to realize his mistakes, he leaves behind a sparsely attended funeral and an unprincipled legacy. Despite all that he fought for, Gatsby forsakes true happiness for the false love he derives from exploiting wealth.

Drug Use in Vietname

Drug use by the soldiers in the Vietnam War was very common. Drug use in the military has always been around, but in the Vietnam era it started to increase at an alarming rate. It is noted that there were many drugs used and abused during this time. These drugs include marijuana, cocaine, and heroine. Soldiers often used these drugs to kill the pain of many hardships such as injury during battle, loss of a fellow soldier or being away from home. Marijuana is legally considered a drug according to the federal Controlled Substances Act; however the use of it was treated differently from other drugs by American soldiers and military lawyers in Vietnam. (Brush) Marijuana was present in Vietnam long before the arrival of the Americans and the start of the war. Drug laws were poorly defined and the enforcement of these poorly defined laws had little priority in the Vietnamese criminal justice system. The Vietnamese Government had no control over marijuana and there was no central drug enforcement agency. According to a survey made in 1966 by the U. S. military command in the Saigon area showed that there were 29 fixed outlets for the purchase of marijuana. The use and culture of marijuana in Vietnam has often been considered part of the cultural regulations for use, sale, and protocol and there is no sense of illegal activity like there is in the U. S. Many American soldiers have noted that the Vietnamese people used marijuana freely and openly during the time. There are even stories of American soldiers smoking marijuana with the South Vietnamese civilians and soldiers (Brush). In 1963, soldiers started using marijuana during the advisory period of the war. This was the earliest noted time of drug use in the Vietnam War and began before the widespread use in the United States. As its popularity grew, Congressional investigations began. In 1967 an investigation by congress revealed 16 instances of marijuana use inside the Marine brig at Da Nang. The source was the Vietnamese who gave it to prisoners on working parties. It was first often distributed by the soldiers throwing it into passing vehicles in which prisoners were riding (Brush). Prisoners were not the only people eligible to get the ample drug. While driving through urban areas marines found marijuana easily from vendors selling it on the streets. Marines took the offense of marijuana more seriously than the army. While the marines were subjecting all marijuana users to Courts-Marshall, the army only subjected users and dealers of hard drugs to trial. Although the marines took a more harsh approach to the use of marijuana, it was a failure. By 1969 use of marijuana was no longer just a trend of rear area units, and a drug rehabilitation was established in Cua Viet. This quote from a senior officer shows the helplessness against the rising trend of drug use among soldiers. â€Å"I don't know what the solution is†¦. I don't know what the hell we are going to do. † (Brush) Marijuana was not the only drug problem during the Vietnam during the war. During 1970 and 1971, the media started to carry news of two new drug trends. The studies of the media showed a growing number of white, middle-class young people, in suburbs as well as inner cities, were said to be using or dealing heroin. And United States military personnel-primarily in Vietnam, but also at duty stations in the United States and throughout the world-were similarly said to be sniffing, smoking, or mainlining heroin in substantial numbers. (Brecher) The problem of drug use gained President Richard Nixon’s attention, and in 1971 he said this to Congress, â€Å"Even now, there are no precise national statistics on drug use and drug addiction in the United States, the rate at which drug use is increasing, or where and how this increase is taking place. Most of what we think we know is extrapolated from those few states and cities where the dimensions of the problem have forced closer attention, including the maintenance of statistics. † Also in 1971, anecdotal evidence revealed that heroin had become the must popular illicit drug among citizens and soldiers of the U. S. During the summer of 1971, the public was informed of the widespread heroin use and addiction among many of the United States armed forces in Vietnam. Public officials from the President of the United States announced that everything possible would be done to rehabilitate or cure addicted soldiers serving in the war. This shocking information about the drug addicted soldiers serving in the army started a massive rehabilitation plan. Richard Nixon released this plan to Congress in 1971 with this statement, â€Å"Rehabilitation: A New Priority†¦. I am asking the Congress for a total of $105 million in addition to funds already contained in my 1972 budget to be used solely for the treatment and rehabilitation of drug-addicted individuals†¦. The nature of drug addiction, and the peculiar aspects of the present problem as it involves veterans [of the Vietnam war], make it imperative that rehabilitation procedures be undertaken immediately. . . In order to expedite the rehabilitation program of Vietnam veterans, I have ordered the immediate establishment of †¦ immediate rehabilitation efforts to be taken in Vietnam†¦. The Department of Defense will provide rehabilitation programs to all servicemen being returned for discharge who want this help, and we will be requesting legislation to permit the military services to retain for treatment any individual due for discharge who is a narcotic addict. All of our servicemen must be accorded the right to rehabilitation. â€Å"

The Lucid Dreaming And How Can It Be A Method Of...

Introduction Those who experience lucid dreaming in the stage of REM sleep are aware of their dreams and able to control their dreams. Lucid dreaming could be a possible treatment for those with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) who suffer from nightmares. During lucid dreaming in a nightmare, the PTSD patients would be able to let go of their fear by recognizing the threats they have in their dreams are not real. PTSD patients can also transform their dreams into something more pleasant or try to wake up from their sleep. A case study proved this idea to be true; the reoccurring dreams the patients would experience were going away after they were introduced into lucid dreaming. Lucid dreaming could be difficult to accomplish, but there are several techniques that can trigger lucid dreaming. For a period of time, researchers have been pondering and searching for ways to help those who suffers from post traumatic stress disorder. This topic is interesting to investigate lucid dreaming and how can it be a method of psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder. During this research, online, primary, and book resources were used. Therefore, this essay will deal with the following research question: How can lucid dreaming be used as a method of psychotherapy in those who suffer from post traumatic stress disorder? What is Post Traumatic Stress Disorder? Post traumatic stress disorder is an anxiety disorder that is developed after experiencing a