Military Aircraft Essays - Stealth Aircraft, Monoplanes, Free Essays

Military Aircraft Essays - Stealth Aircraft, Monoplanes, Free Essays Military Aircraft Thesis: Military aircraft has become more sophisticated in variety, effectiveness in war situations, and special maneuvering techniques in recent years. Military aircraft has become more sophisticated in variety, effectiveness in war situations, and special maneuvering techniques in recent years. With the advance of stealth technology, many new and very effective aircraft have been developed. The F-117A was used during Operation Dessert Storm and every plane came back without a scratch. The very expensive B-2 stealth bomber has never been used in actual war, but during testing it was a success. The Advanced Tactical Fighter program was started to make an aircraft that could supercruise, the ability to cruise at supersonic speeds, and didn't cost very much. The YF-22 and YF-23 were the first planes to accomplish this. With all the planes we know of, there are also top secret programs probably going on right now. A new fighter that has never been heard of before has been spotted. As John Welch, the assistant secretary of Air Force said, "Stealth gives us back that fundamental element of war called surprise" (Goodall 9). After it was found that aircraft could be very useful in war, it was used for large scale reconnaissance. Then people started to add bombs to aircraft and then airplanes started to become an essence of war. After World War 2, new bombers were developed with fast speed, and could travel far distances. They could also carry nuclear bombs and missiles. The use of the bomber aircraft then led to the fighter, which was equipped with guns and missiles. Helicopters were also found to be good strike aircraft. They were armed with cannons, machine guns, rockets, torpedoes, and a variety of missiles. Vertical takeoff made the helicopter an advantage. The first flight of the F-117A was in June of 1981 in Groom Lake test facility. The total cost for the development of the F-117A was just under two billion dollars, but it only cost $43 million to make each plane. It became operational in October of 1983 and was the first operational stealth aircraft ever built. The F-117A is a night attack plane powered by two, nonafterburning General Electric engines. F-117As were designed for first-strike capabilities and to be able to fly into any countries airspace undetected. The primary task of the F-117A is to break through enemy airspace, destroy high value targets, and return back unharmed. They were considered to first be used in several different tasks, but weren't used until Operation Dessert Storm where they did an excellent job. As Donald Rice, Secretary of the Air Force, said, "Everyone now agrees the F-117 was a real bargain" (9). During Operation Dessert Storm the F-117As were found out to be very successful. The war began on January 16, 1991 when the F-117A fighters entered the Iraqi airspace on their way to downtown Baghdad. There were 43 of them over the skies of Iraq and not one was lost even though they went against one of the most modern air-defense systems in the world. Operation Dessert Storm was the largest aerial bombing attack in war history. It was also the first time a stealth aircraft was used as a main weapon. On the first day of Desert Storm the Lockheed F-117As dropped sixty-two 2,000 pound bombs on Baghdad destroying the most critical targets of the Iraqi military, including the headquarters of the Iraqi air force. "We've seen that not only does stealth work, but that it puts fewer assets at risk and saves lives" (9), as Donald Rice said. The pilots of those F-117As flew through the hardest anti-aircraft missiles any pilot has ever flown through. When you think of stealth, most people probably think of B-2 stealth bomber, but most people don't realize that it hasn't even been used in a real war situation yet. In November of 1987 the Pentagon ordered the first four B-2s to be built for $2 billion. Each B-2 cost $437.4 million to build. After the military liked the bomber, they originally ordered 133 of them, then they cut back to 75 because of the deficit-reduction bill. Then, in 1992, the House of Representatives voted to buy only twenty, and later only 15 saying that 10 would be enough. With four General Electric

Antonymy - Definition and Examples in English

Antonymy s in English The semantic qualities or sense relations that exist between words (lexemes) with opposite meanings in certain contexts (i.e., antonyms). Plural antonymies. Contrast with synonymy. The term antonymy was introduced by C.J. Smith in his book Synonyms and Antonyms (1867). Pronunciation:Â  an-TON-eh-me Observations Antonymy is a key feature of everyday life. Should further evidence be required, try visiting a public lavatory without checking which is the gents and which is the ladies. On your way out, ignore the instructions which tell you whether to push or pull the door. And once outside, pay no attention to whether traffic lights are telling you to stop or go. At best, you will end up looking very foolish; at worst, you will end up dead. Antonymy holds a place in society which other sense relations simply do not occupy. Whether or not there exists a general human tendency to categorize experience in terms of dichotomous contrast ([John] Lyons 1977: 277) is not easily gauged, but, either way, our exposure to antonymy is immeasurable: we memorise opposites in childhood, encounter them throughout our daily lives, and possibly even use antonymy as a cognitive device to organise human experience. (Steven Jones, Antonymy: A Corpus-Based Perspective. Routledge, 2002) Antonymy and Synonymy For the better-known European languages at least, there are a number of dictionaries of synonyms and antonyms available, which are frequently used by writers and students to extend their vocabulary and achieve a greater variety of style. The fact that such special dictionaries are found useful in practice is an indication that words can be more or less satisfactorily grouped into sets of synonyms and antonyms. There are two points that should be stressed, however, in this connexion. First, synonymy and antonymy are semantic relations of a very different logical nature: oppositeness of meaning (love:hate, hot:cold, etc.) is not simply the extreme case of difference of meaning. Second, a number of distinctions have to be drawn within the traditional concept of antonymy: dictionaries of antonyms are only successful in practice to the degree that their users draw these distinctions (for the most part unreflectingly). (John Lyons, Introduction to Theoretical Linguistics. Cambridge Univers ity Press, 1968) Antonymy and Word Classes Oppositeness . . . has an important role in structuring the vocabulary of English. This is especially so in the adjective word class, where a good many words occur in antonymous pairs: e.g. long-short, wide-narrow, new-old, rough-smooth, light-dark, straight-crooked, deep-shallow, fast-slow. While antonymy is typically found among adjectives it is not restricted to this word class: bring-take (verbs), death-life (nouns), noisily-quietly (adverbs), above-below (prepositions), after-before (conjunctions or prepositions). . . . English can also derive antonyms by means of prefixes and suffixes. Negative prefixes such as dis-, un- or in- may derive an antonym from the positive root, e.g. dishonest, unsympathetic, infertile. Compare also: encourage-discourage but entangle-disentangle, increase-decrease, include-exclude. (Howard Jackson and Etienne ZÃ © Amvela, Words, Meaning and Vocabulary: An Introduction to Modern English Lexicology. Continuum, 2000) Canonical Opposites [W]hile antonymy is variable (i.e., context dependent), particular antonym pairs are often canonical in that they are known without reference to context. . . . For example, the color senses of black and white are opposed and so are their racial senses and their good/evil senses as in white magic and black magic. Canonicity of antonym relations also plays a role in context-specific antonymy. As Lehrer (2002) notes, if a frequent or basic sense of a word is in a semantic relation with another word, that relation can be extended to other senses of the word. For example, the basic temperature sense of hot contrasts with cold. While cold does not usually mean legally acquired, it can have that meaning when contrasted (with enough context) with hot in its stolen sense, as in (9). He traded in his hot car for a cold one. (Lehrer 2002) For readers to understand the intended sense of cold in (9), they must know that cold is the usual antonym of hot. Next they must deduce that if cold is the antonym of hot, then no matter what hot is used to mean in this context, cold means the opposite thing. The stability of some such antonym pairs across senses and contexts is evidence that those antonymic pairings are canonical. (M. Lynne Murphy, Semantic Relations and the Lexicon. Cambridge University Press, 2003) Antonymy and Word-Association Testing If a stimulus has a common opposite (an antonym), it will always elicit that opposite more often than anything else. These responses are the most frequent found anywhere in word association. (H.H. Clark, Word Associations and Linguistic Theory. New Horizons in Linguistics, ed. by J. Lyons. Penguin, 1970) See Also AntithesisVocabulary Builder #1: AntonymsWriters on Writing: Ten Tips for Finding the Right Words

Cash for Grades Research Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Cash for Grades Research Project - Essay Example Long-term, cash for grades programs are not effective and do not produce the desired educational outcomes which schools hope they will. â€Å"Paying students to behave is totally immoral. How will kids react when the money stops?† (Gill and Lam, 7). This is a good point which reinforces the idea that these programs are not effective long-term. Local high school and university budgets are strained, especially during times of economic difficulty, therefore supporting these programs indefinitely would not be possible from the budget viewpoint. There is bound to be an emotional reaction in students when these programs can no longer be supported which could actually de-motivate students to learn. Therefore, short-term they definitely can motivate students to achieve higher test scores or to absorb class materials, however long-term there are too many potential negative outcomes. These would be expensive programs, especially if, short-term, these programs motivated students to achieve very high grades so that a higher percentage of students achieved A grades. The end result of ending these programs due to budget problems could cause serious academic learning problems with students who had become accustomed to this added incentive. On a different note, the achievement gap between rich and poor students exists because of the quality of life differences for each socio-economic group. In psychology, Abraham Maslow identified a hierarchy of needs, common needs shared by all people in society, which identify physiological needs as the most primary (Weiten and Lloyd, 2005). Physiological needs include shelter, clothing, food and other basic life essentials. Maslow offers that people cannot achieve any greater contribution to becoming a better member of society until these basic needs are satisfied. People with higher economic means do not concern themselves as much with

Write and discribe the poem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Write and discribe the poem - Essay Example Like the hands of the child whose mother left him in darkness./ (lines 4-5). Here, I have related the emptiness of ocean with the despair of a child whose mother has left him alone and has departed him. The empty hands of the child mean that he has nothing left to him for hope. He has no hope of life, love, care, and shelter. He is desolate and deserted. Just like him, the ocean is empty and has no hope for any water coming in, which refers to the fact that the world is empty of loving people, and there is no hope for such people for good. The next metaphor that I have used in the poem is comparing a beautiful lady with love. The narrator states that he saw a beautiful dame right at the moment he was feeling thirsty, and to his surprise, she was carrying a pitcher that must contain water for him. She was coming toward him, inviting him to drink from the pitcher. The narrator ran to her, even when his feet were injured, but to his dismay, he was not able to walk fast. Still, he managed to reach her, and was shocked to see that the lady was no more a dame, she was love in disguise, ugly and uninviting. She jumped at him, and ate him up, which has a very deep meaning. The narrator, in fact, had met a beautiful lady, but he was so thirsty that he could not see clearly. This means that he found the love of his dreams, but he was so thirsty of love, that he could not recognize the real, ugly intentions of the woman. He fell in love with her, but when he found out her insincerity and dishonesty, it was too late. She had brok en his heart. The third metaphor is here: /The pitcher was empty, Like the hands of the child whose mother left him in darkness./ (lines 14-15), which means that the woman he had loved had nothing in her heart for him, and was dishonest. She ate him up, means that she broke his heart. The narrator says he is no more, which means that he is totally wrecked, and feels like dying. Hence, I have used metaphors at three different places as

American Literature Questions Essay Example for Free

American Literature Questions Essay 21. The leader of the Irish National Theater Movement in the early 20th century was ______. A. W. B. Yeats B. Lady Gregory C. J. M. Synge D. John Galworthy 22. T. S. Eliots most popular verse play is ______. A. Murder in the Cathedral B. The Cocktail Party C. The Family Reunion D. The Waste Land 23. The American writer ______ was awarded the Nobel Prize for the anti-racist In- truder in the Dust in 1950. A. Ernest Hemingway B. Gertrude Stein C. William Faulkner D. T. S. Eliot 24. Hemingways second big success is ______ , which wrote the epitaph to a decade and to the whole generation in the 1920s, in order to tell us a story about the tragic love affair of a wounded American soldier with a British nurse. A. For Whom the Bell Tolls B. A Farewell to Arms C. The Sun Also Rises D. The Old Man and the Sea 25. With the publication of ______ , Dreiser was launching himself upon a long career that would ultimately make him one of the most significant American writers of the school later known as literary naturalism. A. Sister Carrie B. The Titan C. The Genius D. The Stoic. 26. Henry James is generally regarded as the forerunner of the 20th -century â€Å"stream -of-consciousness†novels and the founder of ______. A. neoclassicism B. psychological realism C. psychoanalytical criticism D. surrealism 27. In 1849, Herman Melville published ______ ,a semi-autobiographical novel, con- cerning the sufferings of a genteel youth among brutal sailors. A. Omoo B. Mardi C. Redburn D. Typee 28. As a sequel to The Adventures of Tom Sawyer,______ marks the climax of Mark Twains literary activity. A. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn B. Life on the Mississippi C. The Gilded Age D. Roughing It 29. Realism was a reaction against ______ or a move away from the bias towards romance and self- creating fictions, and paved the way to Modernism. A. Romanticism B. Rationalism C. Post-modernism D. Cynicism 30. When World War II broke out,______ began working for the Italian government, engaged in some radio broadcasts of anti- Semitism and pro- Fascism. A. Ezra Pound B. T. S. Eliot C. Henry James D. Robert Frost 31. In 1915 ______ became a naturalized British citizen, largely in protest against Americas failure to join England in the First World War. A. Henry James B. T. S. Eliot. C. W. D. Howells D. Ezra Pound 32. What Whitman prefers for his new subject and new poetic feelings is â€Å"______ ,† that is, poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme. A. blank verse B. free rhythm C. balanced structure D. free verse 33. The American woman poet ______ wanted to live simply as a complete independent being, and so she did, as a spinster. A. Emily Shaw B. Anna Dickinson C. Emily Dickinson D. Anne Bret 34. The Birthmark drives home symbolically ______ point that evil is a mans birthmark, something he was born with. A. Whitmans B. Melvilles C. Hawthornes D. Emersons 35. The Financier ,The Titan and The Stoic written by ______ are called his â€Å"Trilogy of Desire†. A. Henry James B. Theodore Dreiser C. Mark Twain D. Herman Melville 36. Disregarding grammar and punctuation,______ always used â€Å"i† instead of â€Å"I† in his poems to show his protest against self-importance. A. Wallace Stevens B. Ezra Pound C. Robert Frost D. E. E. Cummings 37. Though Robert Frost is generally considered a regional poet whose subject matters mainly focus on the landscape and people in ______ , he wrote many poems that investigate the basic themes of mans life in his long poetic career. A. the west B. the south C. New England D. Alaska 38. Most critics have agreed that Fitzgerald is both an insider and an outsider of ______ with a double vision. A. the Gilded Age B. the Rational Age C. the Jazz Age D. the Magic Age 39. In the American Romantic writings,______ came to function almost as a dramatic character that symbolized moral law. A. fire B. water C. trees D. wilderness 40. The desire for an escape from society and a return to ______ became a permanent convention of the American literature. A. the family life B. nature C. the ancient time D. fantasy of love 21. The Renaissance marks a transition from ______ to the modern world. A. the old English B. the medieval C. the feudalist D. the capitalist 22. The great political and social events in the English society of neoclassical period were the following EXCEPT ______. A. the Restoration of King Charles II in 1660 B. the Great Plague of 1665 C. the Great London Fire in 1666 D. the Wars of Roses in 1689 23. With the scarlet letter A as the biggest symbol of all, ______ proves himself to be one of the best symbolists. A. Hawthorne B. Dreiser C. James D. Faulkner 24. The author of Leaves of Grass , a giant of American letters, is ______. A. Faulkner B. Dreiser C. James D. Whitman 25. In Tender is the Night, ______ traces the decline of a young American psychiatrist whose marriage to a beautiful and wealthy patient drains his personal energies and corrodes his professional career. A. Dreiser B. Faulkner C. Fitzgerald D. Jack London 26. Melville is best known as the author of his mighty book, ________, which is one of the world’ s greatest masterpieces. A. Song of Myself B. Moby Dick C. The Marble Faun D. Mosses from an Old Manse 27. The theme of Henry James’ essay â€Å"______† clearly indicates that the aim of the novel is to present life, so it is not surprising to find in his writings human experiences explored in every possible form. A. The American B. The Europeans C. The Art of Fiction D. The Golden Bowl 28. During WWI, ______ served as an honorable junior officer in the American Red Cross Ambulance Corps and in 1918 was severely wounded in both legs. A. Anderson B. Faulkner C. Hemingway D. Dreiser 29. In order to protest against America’ s failure to join England in WWI, ______ became a naturalized British citizen in 1915. A. William Faulkner B. Henry James C. Earnest Hemingway D. Ezra Pound 30. Robert Frost described ______as â€Å"a book of people,† which shows a brilliant insight into New England character and the background that formed it. A. North of Boston B. A Boy’s Will C. A Witness Tree D. A Further Range 31. We can easily find in Dreiser’ s fiction a world of jungle, and ______ found expression in almost every book he wrote. A. naturalism B. romanticism C. transcendentalism D. cubism 32. As an active participant of his age, Fitzgerald is often acclaimed literary spokesman of the ______. A. Jazz Age B. Age of Reason C. Lost Generation D. Beat Generation 33. From the first novel Sister Carrie on, Dreiser set himself to project the American values for what he had found them to be: ______ to the core. A. altruistic B. political C. religious D. materialistic 34. The 20th -century stream- of- consciousness technique was frequently and skillfully used by ______ to emphasize the reactions and inner musings of the narrator. A. Hemingway B. Frost C. Faulkner D. Whitman 35. With the help of his friends Phil Stone and Sherwood Anderson, ______ published a volume of poetry The Marble Faun and his first novel Soldiers’ Pay. A. Faulkner B. Hemingway C. Ezra Pound D. Fitzgerald 36. The Sun Also Rises casts light on a whole generation after WWI and the effects of the war by way of a vivid portrait of â€Å"______. † A. the Beat Generation B. the Lost Generation C. the Babybooming Age D. the Jazz Age 37. Within her little lyrics Dickinson addresses those issues that concern ______, which include religion, death, immorality, love and nature. A. the whole human beings B. the frontiers C. the African Americans D. her relatives 38. H. L. Mencken, a famous American critic, considered ______ â€Å"the true father of our national literature. † A. Hamlin Garland B. Joseph Kirkland C. Mark Twain D. Henry James 39. In his poetry, Whitman shows concern for ______ and the burgeoning life of cities. A. the colonists B. the capitalists C. the whole hard -working people D. the intellectuals 40. In 1837, ______ published Twice Told Tales, a collection of short stories which attracted critical attention. A. Emerson B. Melville C. Whitman D. Hawthorne 21. The work ________ by William Blake is a lovely volume of poems, presenting a happy world, though not without its evils and sufferings. A. Songs of Innocence B. Songs of Experience C. Poetical Sketches D. Lyrical Ballads 22. The plays known as â€Å"the Lawrence trilogy† are all the following EXCEPT ________. A. A Collier’ s Friday Night B. Lady Chatterley’ s Lover C. The Daughter in Law D. The Widowing of Mrs. Holroyed 23. Greatly and permanently affected by the ________ experiences, Hemingway formed his own writing style, together with his theme and hero. A. mining B. farming C. war D. sailing 24. â€Å"The dignity of movement of an iceberg is due to only one -eighth of it being above water. † This â€Å"iceberg† analogy about prose style was put forward by ________. A. William Faulkner B. Henry James C. Ernest Hemingway D. F ·Scott Fitzgerald. 25. In Go Down, Moses, ________ illuminates the problem of black and white in Southern society as a close- knit destiny of blood brotherhood. A. William Faulkner B. Jack London C. Herman Melville D. Nathaniel Hawthorne 26. In Death in the Afternoon ________ presents his philosophy about life and death through the depiction of the bullfight as a kind of microcosmic tragedy. A. William Faulkner B. Jack London C. Ernest Hemingway D. Mark Twain 27. William Faulkner once said that ________ is a story of â€Å"lost innocence,† which proves itself to be an intensification of the theme of imprisonment in the past. A. The Great Gatsby B. The Sound and the Fury C. Absalom, Absalom! D. Go Down, Moses 28. Walt Whitman believed, by means of â€Å"________,† he has turned poetry into an open field, an area of vital possibility where the reader can allow his own imagination to play. A. free verse B. strict verse C. regular rhyming D. standardized rhyming 29. Herman Melville’s second famous work, ________, was not published until 1924, 33 years after his death. A. Pierre B. Redburn C. Moby-Dick D. Billy Budd 30. In 1920, ________ published his first novel This Side of Paradise which was, to some extent, his own story. A. F ·Scott Fitzgerald B. Ernest Hemingway C. William Faulkner D. Emily Dickinson 31. Unlike his contemporaries in the early 20th century, ________ did not break up with the poetic tradition nor made any experiment on form. A. Walt Whitman B. Robert Frost C. Ezra Pound D. T. S. Eliot 32. While Mark Twain seemed to have paid more attention to the â€Å"life† of the Americans, ________ had apparently laid a greater emphasis on the â€Å"inner world† of man. A. William Howells B. Henry James C. Bret Harte D. Hamlin Garland 33. At the age of eighty -seven, ________ read his poetry at the inauguration of President John F. Kennedy in 1961. A. Robert Frost B. Walt Whitman C. Ezra Pound D. T. S. Eliot 34. Of all Herman Melville’s sea adventure stories, ________ proves to be the best. A. Typee B. Redburn C. Moby – DickD. Omoo 35. Man is a â€Å"victim of forces over which he has no control. † This is a notion held strongly by ________. A. Robert Frost B. Theodore Dreiser C. Henry James D. Hamlin Garland 36. With the publication of ________, Theodore Dreiser was launching himself upon a long career that would ultimately make him one of the most significant American writers of the school later known as literary naturalism. A. Sister Carrie B. The Titan C. An American Tragedy D. The Stoic 37. Nathaniel Hawthorne was affected by ________’s transcendentalist theory and struck up a very intimate relationship with him. A. H. W. Longfellow B. Walt Whitman C. R. W. Emerson D. Washington Irving 38. Among the following writers ________ is generally regarded as the forerunner of the 20th -century â€Å"stream of consciousness† novels and the founder of psychological realism. A. T. S. Eliot B. James Joyce C. William Faulkner D. Henry James 39. Walt Whitman wrote down a great many poems to air his sorrow for the death of President ______, and one of the famous is â€Å"When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’ d. † A. Washington B. Lincoln C. Franklin D. Kennedy 40. The Marble Faun by Nathaniel Hawthorne, a romance set in______, is concerned about the dark aberrations of the human spirit. A. France B. Spain C. England D. Italy [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic]

Wife vs. Daughter in Only Daughter by Sandra Cisneros and Why I Want a

What is a Wife? What is a Daughter? Are they the same, or are they different? A wife supports a husband, but a daughter could also have the same position could she not? A daughter could marry and become a wife, and still be a daughter. Than again, a wife could be an only child, and a wife could have no father. A wife compares to a daughter in many ways, and differs in many different ways as well. All in all, it?s quite possible that all women, go through at least one of these titles, at one point in there lives. In the short story ?Why I want a wife? by Judy Brady, she goes into detail what being a wife is like. The tedious details of day to day activities, the strain and hard work of being a ?good wife?, and the unappreciated service a wife must perform to be accepted by her husband. This story made me feel like, the author felt a little surprised of what she actually does from day to day being a wife, perhaps a little bit bitter toward those who do not notice her action. That brings me to another short story, ?Only Daughter? by Sandra Cisneros. This story is of a Dau...

Feu You and Me

EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThere are four (4) key success factors which are critical to the success of a regular law school industry. These are :1) Good reputation of the school;2) High quality of instruction;3) Consistently high passing percentage of graduates in the bar examinations;4) Consistency of graduates making it to the top 10 in the bar examinations.Currently, Far Eastern University Institute of Law (FEU-IL) has an average of 22. 4% passing percentage in the bar examinations in the last five years. Compared to leading law schools such as Ateneo de Manila University School of Law, University of the Philippines and San Beda College of Law (average passing percentage in the last five years is 89. 6%, 77. 37% and 84. 29% respectively), Far Eastern University definitely does not belong to one of the preferred law schools in the country. At present, FEU-IL has inadequate facilities and library collection. It does not join in Law Debating Competitions and does not even have an official FEU-IL Journal which other leading law schools would normally have. However, FEU-IL has a dynamic and proactive Dean who has strong linkages with Law schools in the Philippines. This distinct competitive advantage can be utilized in order to make the Marketing Plan an effective and successful one for purposes of 100% enforcement. Several marketing strategies were formulated for the FEU-IL. Some of these are as follows: ) Product Development Strategy = This includes enhancement of the Mission / Vision Statement of the FEU-IL, improvement of the facilities and library collection, enhancement of the IL curriculum which would eliminate the Socratic Method of teaching, involvement of faculty members in the syllabi construction and curriculum development for IL, creation of the FEU-IL journal, and conducting seminars for lawyers under the Mandatory Continuing Legal Education Program (MCLE) 2) Product Positioni ng Strategy = This includes the formation of the FEU-IL Debating Council, and the formation of the FEU-IL Website. ) Predatory Marketing Promotion Strategy = This distinct strategy involves campus visits by the Dean of the Institute of Law in cooperation with the Admissions and Placement Office. 4) Other advertising and PR blitz – This includes print advertisements and write-up showcasing the top graduates of Far Eastern University, distribution of flyers, TV guestings and other press releases. The marketing expense rate for 2006 (1. 72%) is considered within acceptable range. As a result, marketing plan will post a phenomenal growth rate of 46. 0% by SY 2006-2007. With the execution of this marketing plan, FEU-IL will become the preferred law school in the Philippines as it achieves the following in the year 2007: 1. Increase market share by 5%. 2. Reinforce the brand to aspiring lawyers through niche marketing. 3. Increase visibility in all legal fora. 4. Attract better qua lity students in order to raise the bar passing percentage of the school. 5. Increase profit by 10%. CURRENT MARKETING SITUATION TYPE OF INDUSTRY:Regular Law School IndustrySIZE OF THE INDUSTRY:This marketing plan will focus only on the regular law school industry in the NCR Region (such as Ateneo de Manila University (AdMU), University of the Philippines (UP), San Beda College (SBC), University of the East (UE), Lyceum University (Lyceum), Arellano University School of Law (AUSL), San Sebastian College (SSC), Manuel L. Quezon University (MLQU) and Far Eastern University (FEU). This excludes hybrid programs such as the JD-MBA program. Over the years, the number of law schools has steadily increased and recently, the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) reported that there are 104 law schools operating in the country. The great majority of lawyers graduated from private law schools. Of the 59 law schools listed by the Supreme Court in 1999 in connection with the bar examinations for that year, only eight are state or public law schools. Of the eight state-supported schools, two are established by chartered cities, five are regional schools, and one national law school which is the UP College of Law. About 28 law schools are university-based. At least nine schools are run by Catholic religious orders. One law school forms part of a state university established for the Muslim community and maintains education in Islamic Law. The Commission on Higher Education (CHED) supervises law schools in the country. Graduates earn a Bachelor of Laws (LL. B. ) or Juris Doctor (J. D. ) degree. The potential market would comprise fresh graduates, holders of MBA and PhD Degrees, doctors, nurses, accountants, engineers, architects and government officers STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS OF THE INDUSTRY: Around 80% of the average law school population are working students who study at night being taught mostly by part time faculty, while the rest are enrolled in day or weekend classes. Most Philippine law schools subscribe to the American law school teaching model. Law teaching was done through lectures. English is the medium of instruction. Class attendance is compulsory. The â€Å"modified Socratic method† in which questions and answers were generally derived from assigned texts and the case study system are the most widely used. A strategic weakness of the legal education in the Philippines is the part time character of the faculty. Law schools draw lecturers from the courts and law firms. Pursuing their full time work in the Court of Appeals or Regional Trial Courts and in law offices, law teachers go to the law schools in the evening to lecture or hold classes, within the duration of their contracts. Moreover, hardly is there a full-time law dean. The only exception prevails in the U. P. College of Law which keeps a full-time dean and 20 full-time faculty members, in addition to 30 adjunct or non-regular professorial lecturers. The annual bar examinations is a rite of passage deemed locally to be the ultimate test of excellence for students and for law schools. Each year, on four Sundays in September, around 4,000 law graduates take the bar examination. About 20% pass each year, or about 800 new lawyers. Applying this gauge, a little over 15% of law schools are performing above par. The Supreme Court is constitutionally vested with the exclusive power over admission into the bar. It exercises this power through the bar examinations, administered by the Court itself. By way of example, the Court, by identifying the subjects and the coverage of each subject, effectively tells the law schools what courses to offer and what laws to teach. Tools that were utilized in order to assess the structure of the industry are: 1) Porter Framework – The ultimate function of this framework is to identify companies competing with each other and analyze the four factors affecting the competitive situation of the Regular Law School Industry (NCR) 2) Mckinsey Matrix – One of the tools used in order to analyze the competition. This matrix is composed of two parts such as the business position in the vertical analysis and market attractiveness in the horizontal axis. 3) Winner Analysis – It is used to analyze what makes a competitor a winner and a loser. The FEU-IL will be evaluated based on the industry’s assessment of winners and losers. 4) Competitor Fact Sheet (Figure 4. 1)– contains comprehensive facts about the competitors in the regular law school industry. Detailed facts are presented such as: how old is the law school, size of enrollment, number of topnotchers for the last five (5) years, Average passing percentage for the last five (5) years, tuition fees, best features, professor-student ratio, and areas for improvement. PORTER FRAMEWORK [pic] REGULAR LAW SCHOOL INDUSTRY This framework establishes the market segments which the FEU-IL can tap (i. . New graduates and Entrepreneurs). There is also a need to be competitive on facilities and library collections as this affect the regular law school industry where FEU-IL belongs MCKINSEY MATRIX (Figure 6. 1) The matrix utilized two (2) components that determined the over-all performance of the regular law school industry, namely: Business Position and Market Attrac tiveness. The business position is based on the following criteria: 1. Revenues 2. Enrollment 3. Stability 4. Growth On the other hand the market attractiveness is based on the following criteria: 1. Track Record 2. Reputation 3. Quality Instruction 4. Facilities 5. Reasonable tuition fees The matrix will indicate that UP, SBC and AdMU are leaders of the industry. However, UST and AUSL are beginning to make their marks in the industry. UST and AUSL have the potential of becoming the leaders in the industry. MLQU lags behind among the law schools mentioned. WINNER ANALYSIS (Figure 6. 3) In the Winner Analysis, you will see that FEU is considered a loser, having 3 out of 4 characteristics of a loser. THE STATE OF THE PHILIPPINE LEGAL EDUCATION In a recent study, it was observed that schools that do well in the bar examinations â€Å"remain to be producers of higher percentage of passing rates and they share similar policies such as the rigid/screening process, maintenance of high level of academic performance in their law subjects, adoption of the quotient point index (QPI) to remain in the law school, hiring of deans with pro-active hands-on management style, and infusion of financial resources to the law library to better equip the faculty and students with the mass of the legal knowledge, data and materials to enhance their skills and aptitude in the field of law. The study recommended that the law curriculum/program be improved and developed so as to produce competent world-class lawyers with proper sense of ethical values in exercising their profession. It is also stressed the need for new policy standards on the law program that will take into account several major developments in the field of law during the past decade and the trend towards globalization of the practice of the profession. THE USE OF TECHNOLOGY The Arellano University School of Law is the only law school in the Philippines with a comprehensive legal database and which is available for free on the internet. Lex Libris, which is on subscription basis, and which provides practically the same data, is another Philippine database. Many of the younger law faculty in Metro Manila use computers to illustrate material in class through powerpoint presentations. They are likewise already transmitting syllabi and course materials to students over the Internet. Electronic casebooks and textbooks are now being marketed locally although they are not very popular among law students. No law school in the Philippines, as of this writing, has required students to own or bring computers.KEY SUCCESS FACTORSConsidering the current external environment, the following constitutes the key success factors critical to the success of the industry: 1. Good reputation of the school 2. High quality of instruction 3. Consistently high passing percentage of graduates in the bar examinations. 4. Consistency of graduates making it to the top ten in the bar examinations.OPPORTUNITY AND ISSUE ANALYSIS BRIEF HISTORY OF THE COMPANYThe FEU Institute of Law opened its doors in 1934, making it one of the older colleges of law in the country. It prides itself as a pedigreed law school from whose ranks two other law schools located in the university belt were formed. The Institute is proud of its alumni whose accomplishments have honored their alma mater and the legal profession. These include two justices of the Supreme Court, a Secretary of Justice, several Justices of the Court of Appeals and Sandiganbayan, regional and municipal trial court judges and government prosecutors. In addition, many of its graduates now occupy positions of leadership in the community and play vital roles in legal practice, business and government service. Also, the Institute has the unique distinction of having two Senate Presidents serve as Dean – Jovito Salonga from 1957-1961 and Neptali Gonzales from 1976-1986. In 2003, the Institute teamed-up with the De La Salle University Graduate School of Business to offer the JD-MBA program, the first graduate dual degree program in law and business administration. The dual degree program prepares students to approach problems from the perspectives of both a business executive and a lawyer. This program is designed to provide students with the knowledge and skills necessary to excel in two interrelated disciplines and to understand the interrelationships between them. It has been the Institute’s consistent policy to provide quality legal education at an affordable cost. The Institute of Law endeavors to maintain its tradition of being a law school that remains a haven for the working but deserving class. VISION STATEMENT It has been the Institute’s consistent policy to provide quality legal education at an affordable cost. The Institute of Law endeavors to maintain its tradition of being a law school that remains a haven for the working but deserving class. MISSION STATEMENT To complement the objectives of the legal education enumerated in Republic Act 7662, the Institute of Law is committed to pursue the following: †¢ To impart to the law students a broad knowledge of law and its various fields, and of the role and functions of legal institutions; †¢ To develop their legal research skills and to analyze, articulate and apply the aw effectively, as well as to enable them to gain a total approach to legal problems and issues †¢ To prepare law students for advocacy, counseling and decision-making and imbue them with the ability to deal with legal problems; †¢ To inculcate in them the ethics and responsibilities of the legal profession; †¢ To train young men and women for the legal profession known for their technical competence, professional zeal and unblemished integrity. BUSINE SS SYSTEMS MODEL a) Admission of students b)Processing of students [pic] [pic] The FEU-IL Business System Model describes the processing of human resources, particularly lawyers. It has two components: 1) Admission of Students — Before a student is admitted in the FEU-IL program, he has to take an entrance examination. Once he passes the entrance examination, he becomes eligible to enroll in the FEU Institute of Law. 2) Processing of Students – Once a student becomes eligible to enroll at the FEU Institute of Law, he now enrolls the subjects which he is required to complete. All methods of instruction are done inside the classrooms with the Professors of Law supervising the students. Final grades will be given to the students through the professors of law at the end of every semester. Upon completion of all the academic requirements, he now becomes eligible to take the Bar Examination administered by the Supreme Court. The graduate reviews for six months and once he passes the bar examinations, he is now admitted to the bar. It is important to take note of the business system model because this will be the blue print for making the marketing plan for the FEU-Institute of Law SWOT ANALYSIS A SWOT analysis is a tool in determining the company’s strengths and weaknesses, exploiting the different opportunities which the company might face and thinking of ways in order to ward off the possible threats that it may face. It tends to present alternative courses of actions that will be the basis for the various marketing strategies that will be utilized for the marketing plan of FEU-IL. The strategies should address the following issues: †¢ How can the company overcome its weaknesses to ward off the threats it faces? (WT Strategies) †¢ How can the company utilize its strengths to ward off the threats it faces? (ST Strategies) †¢ How can the company utilize its strengths to exploit the opportunities it faces? (SO Strategies) †¢ How can the company overcome its weaknesses to exploit the opportunities it faces? (WO Strategies) |Opportunities (O) |Threats (T) | | |MRT |Bad pronouncements about lawyers | | |Good write-up about FEU |Many lawyers are dragged in scandals | | |TV guestings |High attrition rate in the bar examination | | | |High cost of living | |Strengths (S) |SO Strategies |ST Strategies | |Good location |Flyer Distribution at MRT (O1,S1, S3) |Print Ad showcasing top gradua tes of FEU-IL| |Reasonable fees |TV pluggings (O2, O3, S4) |(T1, T2, S3) |Good Instruction |Press releases of testimonials who |Intensive Review for the bar examinations | |Proactive dean |benefited from the reasonable tuition fees |(T3, S2, S3) | |Offers the MBA-JD Program in cooperation |(O2, O3, S2, S3) |Inviting bar lecturers and appointing them | |with the DLSU School of Graduate Studies |Conduct a Tamaraw Tour in chosen |as professorial chairs (S2, S3, T1, T2, T3)| | |universities and provide promotional CDs |Aggressive improvement of the physical | | |for give away (S4, O2, O3) |plant and library collection of the | | | |Institute (S4, T3) | | | | | |Weaknesses (W) |WO Strategies |WT Strategies | |Inadequate facilities |Full scholarship to honor graduates with |Creation of the FEU IL Journal containing | |Low passing percentage rate as compared to |stipend (W3, O2, O3) |the published works of the FEU-IL Faculty | |the leaders |Creation of the FEU Law Debating team to |with th e latest legal updates and Supreme | |No topnotchers for the last five (5) years |prepare FEU-IL students to win in |Court Resolutions (T1, W4,) | |Current image: not a preferred law school |competitions (W2, W3, W4, W5, S3) | | |Inability to attract quality students |Creation of the FEU-IL Website containing | | |Support Staff service |the IL Curriculum, syllabi and other | | |Lack of financial resources |activities that are pertaining to the | | |Faculty unrest |Institute of Law (i. e. bar exam operations,| | |No fulltime Associate Dean |articles published by FEU-IL faculty, etc. )| | |Inadequate library collection |(W4, W14, O2) | |Absence of professorial chairs | | | |Problem in salary structure of faculty | | | |members | | | |Weak U-belt Consortium Bar Review | | | |Lack of published research colloquia within| | | |the Institute | | | |Faction in the IL Alumni Foundation and IL | | | |Management | | | STRATEGIC ISSUES 1) How will the Far Eastern University Institute of Law inc rease its market share? 2) How will Far Eastern University Institute of Law become the preferred law school in the Philippines? DISTINCT COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE FEU-IL has a pro-active, young and charismatic Dean who is elected President of the Association of Law Schools in the Philippines for three consecutive terms and who finished his Master of Laws at Harvard University, U. S. A. SUSTAINABLE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE The FEU — Institute of Law has produced a total of 74 topnotchers for the last 71 years of forefront in the law school industry. One of them is Artemio Panganiban, now the Supreme Court Justice of the Philippines, and Jose N. Nolledo, an author of various books in Commercial Law and Remedial Law. MARKETING GOALS / OBJECTIVES 1. Within 2007, FEU Institute of Law will increase market share by 5%. 2. Reinforce the FEU Institute of Law brand to aspiring lawyers through niche marketing. 3. Within SY 2006-2007, the FEU Institute of Law will increase visibility in all legal fora. 4. Within 2007, FEU Institute of Law will be able to attract better quality students in order to raise the bar passing percentage of the school. 5. Within 2007, FEU Institute of Law will increase profit by 10%. MARKETING STRATEGIES I. PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY a. Enhancement of the Mission and Vision Statement of the FEU-IL The Vision and Mission Statement of FEU-IL should be improved and enhanced in order to achieve the above marketing goals. The following is the suggested Mission/Vision for FEU-IL: We are committed to produce lawyers equipped with globally relevant, competitive and real world skills. Our graduates are trained to be service-oriented to their clients but at the same time mindful of their social responsibilities to the community and their ethical duties towards the administration of justic e. † â€Å"Through our core values of teamwork, responsibility and integrity, we shall passionately dedicate ourselves to the development of the mind and spirit of our students by adequately preparing them to become committed and responsible citizens responding to the changing needs of the global community and ready to provide the required specialized legal services. † b. Physical Plant: There is a need to be aggressive in purchasing law books that will be utilized by students for their studies. The FEU Law Library must be physically equipped and ready for the acquisition and storage of new books that will be used as a tool for effective instruction. There is also a need to improve the physical plant of the Institute. Most of the law schools in the University belt area are now having sound proof rooms and sturdy chairs with AVR facilities. Some law schools have their own exclusive law building to accommodate more enrollees with state-of-the-art facilities. Today, there is no escape for the need of becoming globally competitive in terms of facilities and instruction. It is also appropriate for the University to have an image of a technologically oriented institution with a view of providing quality but affordable legal education for the working class. c. Enhancement of the IL Curriculum: In a recent study of the Best Practices of Law Schools in the United States and United Kingdom, the following were noted: 1. A law school can best achieve excellence and have the most effective academic program when it possesses a clear mission, a plan to achieve that mission, and the capacity and willingness to measure its success or failure. Absent a defined mission and the identification of attendant student and institutional outcomes, a law school lacks focus and its curriculum becomes a collection of discrete activities without coherence. If a school does not assess its performance, it can easily be deluded about its success, the effectiveness of its pedagogical methods, the relevance of the curriculum, and the value of its services to its constituencies. A law school that fails to assess student performance or its performance as an institution, or that uses the wrong measures in doing so, has no real evidence that it is achieving any goals and objectives. A law school that lacks evidence of achievement invites demands for accountability (Gregory Munro, Outcomes Assessment For Law Schools 3-4, Institute for Law Teaching 2000) 2. It is especially important for law schools to clearly articulate specific outcomes for their programs of instruction. 3. Law schools should be encouraged to coordinate their programs of instruction and to integrate the teaching of theory, doctrine and practice. Legal educators should be discouraged in relying on the case method / Socratic dialog, to make problem-based learning the primary mode of instruction and to be more attentive to basic principles of effective education. 4. There is a need for law schools to employ teachers who are 100% committed to excellent teaching and to establish improved teacher development programs. 5. There must be a regular evaluation of the school’s program of instruction to determine whether its objectives are achieved effectively or efficiently. This can be done by soliciting and incorporating opinions from outside the academy, and gathering information from students about their needs and objectives. 6. Best practices for delivering instruction are: 1) Coordinate the Program of Instruction; 2) Integrate the teaching of theory, doctrine and practice; 3) Employ basic principles of effective educational programs; 4) Encourage active learning and give prompt feedback; 5) Effective Time Management; 6) Use of technology. In this regard, it is suggested that the Institute of Law enforce the following in the enhancement of its Faculty Instruction: 1. The problem method (as opposed to the Socratic Method) should be used to achieve clear, appropriate objectives. It requires students to analyze and answer legal problems in context. Extensive research of the students is required. If possible, cases and Supreme Court rulings should be assigned to facilitate legal problems in context. It is also advised that there must be integration of teaching theory, doctrine and practice. Exposure to real life situations (i. e. interviews or sponsored tours) should also be incorporated in each subject so that students will have to apply what they have learned in theory. 2. All subjects offered by the FEU-IL must have a syllabi in modular format, specifying the topics to be discussed with the objectives to be achieved every meeting. Activities every topic should be indicated to guide students on what is expected of them every meeting. 3. Recruitment of efficient and effective teachers who are 100% committed to teaching is imperative. That is why a regular evaluation of quality of instruction of teachers should be done on a regular basis (i. e. monthly) to determine if effectiveness of the instruction is being done consistently and regularly. Feedback from students regarding their suggestions and concerns should be addressed immediately, favorable or unfavorable. 4. It is imperative that faculty members take part in the program development of the Institute’s curriculum. Committees should be formed among the faculty members in the Institute of Law to make faculty members involved in IL’s growth and development. 5. In determining the placement of law graduates who newly passed the bar, continuous collection of data on educational outcomes will be used for the school to articulate how these educational outcome data is used to improve individual student and overall program performances. This can be done by soliciting and incorporating opinions from different employers outside the academy. 6. Strategic planning workshop is therefore imperative to achieve excellent quality of instruction. Participants will be the Dean of the Institute, the Associate Dean, chosen faculty of the Institute, the Supervisor and a Supreme Court Justice (if possible) to map out program of activities and wish list for the Institute of Law. d. FEU-IL Journal The formation of the FEU-IL Journal is an excellent tool for research and development and a good forum for IL faculty members to publish their works. It is suggested that FEU-IL coordinate closely with the Office of Research and Development of Far Eastern University for the mechanics. e. MCLE Provider For your information, the Mandatory Continuing Legal Education (MCLE) is a requirement for all lawyers to comply. In this regard, all members of the bar are required to attend the MCLE seminars to be abreast of the new laws and procedures in the legal profession. Currently, some agencies and universities (i. e. UP College of Law, Arellano Law School, Integrated Bar of the Philippines) are already MCLE providers, giving seminars for the lawyers. As of this date, no agency or law school in the University Belt Area has become an MCLE provider. It is suggested that the FEU Institute of Law would apply as an MCLE provider. To be an MCLE provider at an affordable fee will be a good promotion for the school, aside from the fact that it is a good source of funding for the FEU Institute of Law for the improvement of its facilities and physical plant. f. Administration of the FEU Institute of Law: A delineation of duties and responsibilities is now appropriate and forthcoming for the FEU Institute of Law with respect to its Dean and Associate Dean. The Associate Dean should now be directly in-charge in serving the needs of the students and faculty in the Institute of Law while the Dean is directly in-charge of networking and promoting FEU Institute of Law with other universities and colleges Managing the Curriculum, Instruction, faculty and students should be done by the Associate Dean. Staff members should also be pro-active in walking the extra mile in giving excellent service, not only to students, but also to visiting prospective students. There should be series of training for the staff members of FEU-IL to prepare them for the SY 2005-2006. II. PRODUCT POSITIONING STRATEGY a. Formation of the FEU-IL Debating Council There must be an active Law Debating Council to compete with the different law schools within the country. The formation of an active Law Debating Council will expose the students to various debating competitions. With the aim of becoming No. 1 in debating competitions, it will help boost the image of the FEU Institute of Law across all law schools in the country. The Oracle and Debating Council is the official debating council in Far Eastern University. It is suggested that the FEU Oracle and Debating Council should help in the formation of an active FEU Institute of Law Debating Council to help boost the FEU Institute of Law’s image in winning debate competitions. b. FEU-IL Website There must be a regular, effective and comprehensive FEU-IL Website that will show the Institute’s Vision, Curricula and syllabi of the different subjects. The Website is also a good tool for the Institute to make it as a forum for bar exam operations. III. PREDATORY MARKETING PROMOTION STRATEGY AGGRESSIVE ARTICULATION CAMPAIGN (TAMARAW CAMPUS TOUR) Leading law schools in the industry do not engage in an aggressive articulation campaign since they are confident that there will have enrollees, considering their reputable image in the industry. Therefore, a flank attack is necessary to attack the weakness of these leading law schools. It is suggested that the Dean of the Institute of Law, in coordination with the Admissions, Placement Office, establish a strategy on how to go to different colleges and universities in the Metro Manila Area, and possibly in the provincial areas, to articulate the FEU Institute of Law. No dean in Metro Manila has done any aggressive articulation campaign by going to different universities and colleges. It will be the first time in history that a dean will be doing school to school articulation on behalf of the FEU Institute of Law. In-campus entrance exams, in coordination with the Registrars of the universities involved, may also be conducted to further facilitate the admission of students who desire to take up Bachelor of Laws. That is why there is a need for a fulltime Associate Dean who should be the one in-charge of the management and administration of the FEU Institute of Law while the Dean is busy establishing network and doing articulation within the country. IV. ADVERTISING AND PR BLITZ The company will engage into the following advertising and promotion strategies: 1. Print ads or write-up showcasing the top graduates of Far Eastern University (i. e. Justice Artemio Panganiban) 2. Distribution of flyers near the MRT UBelt station regarding the FEU-IL 3. Engage in TV guestings to give FEU-IL the opportunity plug its IL program. 4. Press release of testimonials of several FEU-LAW Alumni. 5. Distribution of brochures and promotional CDs during the Tamaraw Campus Tour CURRENT MARKET SEGMENTATION STRATEGY OF FEU-IL [pic] Proposed Segmentation Strategy for FEU-IL: Within 2008, the market segmentation will be composed of 90% Fulltime students and 10% Working professionals as hereto indicated: ACTION PROGRAM FOR SY 2005-2006 Sales Plan June – August 2005 |Activity |In-Charge |Target Date |Budget |Expected Output | |Printing of brochures |Associate Dean |June 1, 2005 |Printing |10,000 brochures printed | | | | |P4 x 10,000 = P40,000 | | |Training of Office Staff |Associate Dean |July 15, 2005 |Food |Trained office staff | | | | |P135 X 7 = P945. 0 | | |Printing of Flyers |Associate Dean |June 1, 2005 |P2 X 20,000 = P40,000 |20,000 flyers printed | |Promotional CDs |Associate Dean |August 1, 2005 |P25 X 200 = P5,000 |200 Promotional CDs for give| | | | | |away | |TAMARAW CAMPUS TOUR / |Dean / Admissions and |July 15, 2005-August|Transportation |Visited 45 schools | |Articulation , Metro |Placement Office |30, 2005 |P200 X 3 (schools)=P600 X 15 | | |Manila Area | | |days= P9,000. 00 | | |MCLE provider |Associate Dean |June 30, 2005 |Application fee =P2,000. 00 | | September – November |Activity |In-Charge |Target Date |Budget |Expected Output | |Printing of the FEU IL |Dean / Associate Dean / |October 15 |P45,000. 0 |Printed Journal | |Journal |Director for Research and| | |containing published | | |Development | | |works of faculty | | | | | |members of the FEU-IL, | | | | | |with up to date laws | | | | | |and Supreme Court | | | | | |rulings | |School Tour / Articulation |Dean / Admissions and |September 15- November|Transportation |Visited 45 schools | |, Metro Manila Area |Placement Office |15 |P200 X 3 (schools)=P600 X 15 | | | | | |days= P9,000. 0 | | |Information Dissemination |Dean |November 30, 2005 |Flyers |Printed flyers and | |for the MCLE Seminars | | |P4 x10,000 = P40,000 |posters for the MCLE | | | | |Posters |Seminars | | | | |P25 X 200 = P5,000 | | December 2005-February 2006 |Activity |In-Charge |Target Date |Budget |Expected Output | |School Tour / Dean / Admissions and |January 15-February |Transportation |Visited 15 schools | |Articulation, Provincial|Placement Office |28, 2006 |P400 X 3 (schools)=P1,200 X 5= | | |Area | | |P9,000. 00 | | |MCLE Semi nar |Dean / Associate Dean |January, 2006 |Food |An MCLE accredited | | | | |P60 x 75 = P4,500 |seminar for the lawyers | | | | |Production of handouts | | | | | |100 pages x P2 x 75=P15,000. 0 | | March 2006-May 2006 |Activity |In-Charge |Target Date |Budget |Expected Output | |School Tour / |Dean / Admissions and |March 15, 2006-May |Transportation |Visited 15 schools | |Articulation, Provincial|Placement Office |15, 2006 |P400 X 3 (schools)=P1,200 X 5= | | |Area | | |P9,000. 00 | | |Printing of the FEU-IL |Associate Dean / Director |April 15, 2006 |P45,000. 0 |An informative journal | |Journal |for Research and | | |containing the latest | | |Development | | |laws, decisions of the | | | | | |Supreme Court and | | | | | |administrative bodies; and| | | | | |articles written by | | | | | |Faculty members of the | | | | | |FEU-IL | |Promotional CDs |Associate Dean |March 1, 2005 |P25 X 200 = P5,000 |200 Promotional CDs for | | | | | |give away | ADVERTISING PLAN June – Augus t 2005 Activity |In-Charge |Target Date |Budget |Expected Output | |Production of posters |Associate Dean |August 15, 2005 |Printing |50 sets of printed posters | | | | |P20 x 50 = P1,000. 00 | | |Production of T-Shirts |Associate Dean |July 1, 2005 |Printing |50 shirts produced | | | | |P50 x 250 =P5,000. 00 | | March 2006-May 2006 Activity |In-Charge |Target Date |Budget |Expected Output | |AD regarding the FEU-IL |Dean |March 15, 2006- |Billboard = P30,000. 00 |-Billboard advertising the | |and its successful | | |Newspaper Ad (for |FEU-IL | |graduates or topnotchers | | |PDI)=P50,000. 00 |-printed advertisement of | | | | | |the FEU-IL | PR PLAN June – August 2005 Activity |In-Charge |Target Date |Budget |Expected Output | |TV Guesting |Dean |July 15, 2005 |Tranportation= P200 |Guested in a TV program to | | | | |Honorarium= P2,000 |give his legal opinion on an | | | | | |important issue; Plugged | | | | | |FEU-IL | September – November 2005 |Activity |In-Charge |T arget Date |Budget |Expected Output | |Write-up in a newspaper |Dean |October 15, 2005 |Honorarium for the writer |Published article | |regarding testimonial of | | |P5,000. 0 |regarding the testimonial | |an FEU-IL Alumnus (PDI) | | | |of one of the successful | | | | | |FEU-IL Alumnus | |Write-up in a magazine |Dean |November 15, 2005 |Honorarium for the writer |Published article | |regarding one of the top | | |P5,000. 00 |regarding one of the top | |graduates in the FEU-IL | | | |graduates in the FEU-IL | December 2005-February 2006 |Activity |In-Charge |Target Date |Budget Expected Output | |TV Guesting |Dean |July 15, 2005 |Tranportation=P200 |Guested in a TV program | | | | |Honorarium=P2,000 |to give his legal opinion| | | | | |on an important issue; | | | | | |Plugged FEU-IL | FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF LAW FINANCIAL PROJECTION OF REVENUES AND EXPENSES FOR SY 2005-2006 a) Growth Rate | |Revenues |Increase (Decrease) |% | |SY2004-2005 |P14,063,233. 00 | | | |SY2005- 2006 |P14,488,740. 0 |P 425,517. 00 | 3. 02 | |SY2006-2007 |P21,285,000. 00 |P6,796,260. 00 | 46. 90 | b) Marketing Expense Rate | |Revenue |Attributed Marketing Expense |Marketing Expense Rate | |SY 2005-2006 |P14,488,740. 00 |P267,124. 00 |1. 84% | |SY 2006-2007 |P21,285,000. 00 |P365,885. 00 |1. 72% | ) Revenue-Marketing Expense Ratio NR – OR ————————= 21,285,000. 00 – 14,488,740. 00 =P6,796,260. 00 NME-OME ————————————– —————– 365,885 – 267,124. 00 P98,760. 00 P68. 82 ** For every P1 spent on marketing expense, FEU-IL generates P68. 82 return. Thus, the marketing plan is deemed cost effective. The additional P98,760. 00 marketing budget can yield an incremental tuition revenue of P6,796,260. 00 (Note: The impact of a marketing budget can only be reflected in the succeeding schoolyear) RISK ASSESSMENT AND CONTROLS Predicted Problems to be encountered |Suggested Control Measure | |Marketing Budget might not be approved by top management |Always provide a justification for the approval of the marketing | | |budget | |Press releases may not be cost-effective |PR Company must submit copy of press releases for documentation | | |purposes. Press releases should be filed properly with all the | | |expenses allotted to it. The papers should be placed under Public| | |Relations file with the indispensable back-up in case of | | |misplacement; | | |There must be proper recording and filing of all expenses | | |incurred. | |Students, Staff and Faculty members might not cooperate |Make the students, staff and faculty members appointed responsible| | |and accountable in certain tasks | |Desired outputs of the Marketing plan are not met. A regular post-evaluation per activity must be done to determine | | |the problems encountered and the solutions to be done in order to | | |arrest future problems; | |A scandal may erupt which could lead to tarnish the name of |The IL Dean, Associated Dean and Faculty should guide properly IL | |the FEU-IL |students and graduates | |Factionalism could affect marketing efforts |Infuse new blood. | A P P E N D I X ———————– Promotion of the school Substitutes Good income Entrepreneurship Managerial work Overseas work Stud ent enrolls ee To be an esteemed professional Pursue other high income professions such as medicine, architecture, accountancy, engineering Professional Growth in legal practice Diploma / Certificate of Participation in Seminars sponsored by the IBP The need to pass the bar exams Enroll in Hybrid programs (MBA-JD Program) To go to law schools outside NCR Customers: †¢ New graduates †¢ Professionals †¢ Entrepreneurs †¢ Government employees 3-time flunkers in the Bar †¢ exams †¢ Transferees COMPETITORS SBC (Leader) UP (Leader) AdMU (Leader) FEU (Laggard); UST (Laggard) Lyceum (Laggard) SSC (Laggard) AUSL (Laggard) Suppliers: * Publishing Companies * E-learning resources * Office Equipment Distributors * Office Supplies Distributors * Furniture Distributors * Staffing * Law Professors New Entrant None Graduate reviews for the bar exams Student attends class and professor teaches, mentors and counsels student If prospective student passes, he enrolls Prospe ctive student takes entrance exam Will student graduate? If no If yes Graduate fails bar exams Graduate is admitted to the bar. [pic]

Psychology and Social Situations Essay

Providing incentive for individuals to establish a carpool system or take the bus instead will motivate them to resort to these resolutions although it has been unsuccessful. The government and other organizations that campaign against overdependence on private vehicles which contribute to heavy traffic should not expect that simply asking the people to share rides and take buses in order to lessen the number of vehicles on the road will work. People should be given incentives in adhering to the requests of concerned organizations, such as free fare or transportation allowances for the people. Organizations and establishments concentrated on a specific location should grant employees with free rides on shuttles that will take them to and from work everyday. This allows individuals to understand that sharing rides and taking the buses will save them the fare and lessen inconveniences caused by heavy traffic. 2. From this particular situation, we may deduce the disparity of knowledge and competencies displayed by children. Individual differences also cause differences on the rate of performance within the classroom, such that there are those that excel and those who fail depending on the cognitive faculties. Assignments are provided by teachers not only to reinforce learning and introduce the succeeding lesson, but also to give children the chance to catch up and experience success through home-based activities that allow them to learn at their own pace. Children who are identified to be the lowest-achieving in class think about their chance of pulling up their grades by spending more time on their assignments and excelling through them. This is the same reason why excellent performers do not spend more time on their homework, because they already have experienced success within the classroom setting. 3. Providing rewards is a good way of motivating children and reinforcing learning. There are various forms of rewards that teachers will be able to use including tangible rewards. Although concrete objects are considered as rewards, they should be given in moderation. Teachers should look for other forms of rewards such as praises and commendations, exemptions from school work or activities, and other types of non-tangible rewards. The danger of utilizing concrete objects as rewards is that children will not be able to learn the value of maintaining desirable learning behavior in class. Every action that they take will depend on the presence of a tangible reward at all times. In this case, desirable learning behaviors are not reinforced and sustained throughout the learning process, and children will only choose to perform well and exhibit good behavior when they see that there will be tangible rewards made available for them after doing so. To address this situation, academic institutions should consider setting standards and guidelines on how teachers should provide rewards, stressing the need to lessen the use of concrete objects but rather utilizing non-tangible rewards that create emphasis on inherent changes and display on desirable learning behavior and excellent learning performances. B. Psychological Disorders 1. The classification of abnormal behavior stems from the need to appropriately determine the medical and professional methods and strategies that will be implemented in order to address problems associated with the variety of abnormal behavior. The classification system of abnormal behavior, particularly the DSM-IV established by the American Psychiatric Association or APA, is utilized in order to provide a clear illustration or image of the kind or type of behavior exhibited by an individual. The DSM-IV utilizes five axes that are utilized to categorize behavior, solidifying them into a profile that provides information on the dimensions of particular behaviors. Utilizing classification systems, such as DSM-IV, although convenient also has flaws or disadvantages, intensifying the difficulty of assessing and classifying behavior. For instance, since the DSM-IV utilizes five axes in categorizing behavior, it becomes a limited means of understanding the dynamics of behavior. Classifying behavior into five categories does not really border on reliability and validity since behavior will not always meet all the criteria of each category. 2. When one is diagnosed with psychological or mental disorders, this means that there is something nonstandard and uncharacteristic about an individual’s way of thinking and behavior. Having a disorder mean that an individual’s life, particularly his functioning, is influenced by its effects building problems and difficulties along the way. The diagnosis will point to possible causes, whether the disorder is caused by biological factors, environmental factors, and such, which affects one’s ability to work efficiently, socialize with other people or become integrated into society under normal circumstances, etc. After being diagnosed with a psychological or mental disorder, it will also mean that an individual will need to seek professional help in order to determine the root of the problem and disorder and identify possible solutions in order to resolve them. 3. Perhaps it is better to be wrongly diagnosed as having a mental disorder even if one actually does not than the other way around because in the process, the individual will still be able to disprove the diagnosis while medical professionals will have enough time to discover the wrongfulness of their diagnosis. One will not lose anything by being misdiagnosed as psychologically or mentally incapacitated, perhaps just time and effort in proving the misdiagnosis of medical professionals. On the other hand, if one is wrongly diagnosed as not having a mental disorder, he will miss the chance of being provided with professional help and assistance as to how he will be able to conquer the problems brought about by his psychological or mental disorder. After being diagnosed without mental disorders even if in fact, one is psychologically or mentally changed, it will not be treated properly fuelling the possibility of one’s illness or disorder getting worse, while at the same time, intensifying the effects that it might bring towards one life. Missing out on the chance of being treated will neglect â€Å"damage control† allowing the illness or disorder to intensify possibly leading to a state wherein medical professionals will not be able to provide and recommend treatment appropriately.

Tribal Peoples essays

Tribal Peoples essays There are thousands of tribal people on Earth, many of whom have seen their homelands destroyed (for example, Native American Indians), and many of whom are currently threatened with the destruction of, or eviction from, their homeland. This is a serious problem for humanity's collective We will now discuss some case histories, mostly taken from Survival International data (Survival International is a charity whose aim is to protect and conserve tribal lands for indigenous communities). The Aw of Brazil are Brazil's last nomadic tribe, who live in the forests of the Eastern Amazon (www.survival-international.org/awa). These forests, as with much of South America's tropical forest, is being destroyed at an incredible rate, by logging companies, and by large farming conglomerates; as such, the native homeland of the Aw is being lost, meaning that their nomadic lifestyle is threatened, and also that potentially, the Aw themselves are in danger of being wiped out altogether (www.survival-international.org/awa). The Aw turned to a nomadic lifestyle following the European invasions of Brazil, and in recent years have turned to living in villages that have been specially constructed by the Brazilian government, in order to protect themselves against the second wave of destruction wrought by European invaders (www.survival-international.org/awa). Attacks by Western ranchers and settlers against the Aw are well documented, and many of the remaining Aw are survivors of massacres, and are severely traumatized by their experiences (www.survival-international.org/awa). As one Aw individual says, on the Survival webpage, "I hope when my daughter grows up she won't face any of the difficulties I've had. I hope everything will be better for her. I hope she will grow up very healthy. I hope it won't be like in my time" (Ka...

A Brief Overview and Description of Geography

A Brief Overview and Description of Geography The science of geography is likely the oldest of all sciences. Geography is the answer to the question that the earliest humans asked, Whats over there? Exploration and the discovery of new places, new cultures, and new ideas have always been basic components of geography. Thus, geography is often called the mother of all sciences as studying other people and other places led to other scientific fields such as biology, anthropology, geology, mathematics, astronomy, chemistry, among others. (See other Definitions of Geography) What Does the Word Geography Mean? The word geography was invented by the ancient Greek scholar Eratosthenes and literally means writing about the earth. The word can be divided into two parts - ge and graphy. Ge means the Earth and graphy refers to writing. Of course, geography today means much more than writing about the Earth but its a difficult discipline to define. Many geographers have done their best to define geography but a typical dictionary definition today reads, The science of the Earths physical features, resources, climate, population, etc. Divisions of Geography Today, geography is commonly divided into two major branches - cultural geography (also called human geography) and physical geography. Cultural geography is the branch of geography dealing with human culture and its impact on the Earth. Cultural geographers study languages, religion, foods, building styles, urban areas, agriculture, transportation systems, politics, economies, population and demographics, and more. Physical geography is the branch of geography dealing with the natural features of the Earth, the home of humans. Physical geography looks at the water, air, animals, and land of the planet Earth (i.e. everything that is part of the four spheres - the atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere). Physical geography is closely related to geographys sister science - geology - but physical geography focuses more on the landscapes at the surface of the Earth and not what is inside our planet. Other key areas of geography include regional geography (which involves the in-depth study and knowledge of a particular region and its cultural as well as its physical characteristics) and geographic technologies like GIS (geographic information systems) and GPS (global positioning system). An important system for dividing the subject of geography is known as the Four Traditions of Geography. History of Geography The history of geography as a scientific discipline can be traced back to the Greek scholar Eratosthenes. It was further developed in the modern era by Alexander von Humboldt and from there, you can trace the history of geography in the United States. Also, see the Timeline of Geographic History. Studying Geography Since the late 1980s, when the subject of geography was not well-taught throughout the United States, there has been a revival in geographic education. Thus, today many primary, secondary, and university students are choosing to learn more about geography. There are many resources online available to learn about studying geography, including one article about earning a college degree in geography. While at the university, be sure to explore career opportunities through internships in geography. Great Studying Geography Resources: Branches of GeographyCapitals of Every CountryGeography GlossaryQuestions and Answers About GeographyGeography Facts, Lists, and TriviaMaps and Geographical Information About Every Country (including blank outline maps)Top 10 Reasons to Study Geography (Humor) Careers in Geography Once you start studying geography, youll want to look into various careers in geography so dont miss this article specifically about Jobs in Geography. Joining a geographic organization is also helpful as you pursue a geographic career.

Physics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Physics - Essay Example 3. The balloon would initially be at rest with zero momentum. On release, the gases initially inflated move in one direction and the balloon would move in the opposite direction to acquire equal momentum quantities such that the sum of the vector momenta become zero in line with Newton’s third law of motion that the forces are opposite and equal. 4. Had the rich man been not so miserly, he would have thrown the bag of gold coins so that while the bag glides in one direction, he would be propelled in the opposite direction in line with Newton’s third principle of motion which suggests that he would be propelled at an equal but opposite force to the one used to throw the bag. The ice being frictionless would cause the man not to stop until he reaches the shore. 5. In space, it would be expected that a rocket would have zero momentum as there is no force. To propel and change direction, the rocket thrusters push fuel in one direction and fuel pushes back in the opposite di rection in line with Newton’s third principle of motion. The rocket throws millions of particles from its tail causing it to move in the opposite direction referred to as spacecraft propulsion. Phy 2-1 1. When the jar with orange juice is shaken vigorously, the work done would heat the juice thus increasing the molecules’ kinetic energy. ... 3. a) No. For liquids and solids, the internal energies are complex and would involve potential energies affected by the bonds existing between molecules and atoms. Hence, objects could have same temperature but different internal energies. Similarly, internal energy varies with object mass. When two objects of different temperatures are in contact with each other, there would be transfer of net energy to the colder object from the hotter one no matter their internal energies. b) Yes. For there to be energy transfer, there has to be difference in temperature between two objects, which need not essentially be related to internal energies difference. For a substance to change phase from solid to liquid to gas, energy should be supplied to break the intermolecular interactions. In water, these interactions make it solid as ice. Ice would be hard because the interactions are strongest with the interaction weakening on transformation to steam or gas. When undergoing phase change, energy w ould be consumed to break these interactions as opposed to causing an increase in temperature. As such, the temperature remains constant until that point where all the interactions would be broken. For example, when heat is applied on a block of ice, the temperature of the ice block would rise until it is 00C. The temperature remains constant as the block of ice melts to water as the absorbed heat would be used to break intermolecular bonds as opposed to increasing temperature. The temperature would then rise when all the ice melts to water. Yes. It is possible to convert mechanical energy completely to heat or internal energy. No. The reverse is impossible. According to the second law of thermodynamics, there is no machine that converts heat to mechanical energy hence no 100%